Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of amifostine and melatonin oxidatively, biochemically and histomorphometrically in rats with radiotherapy-induced experimental periodontitis. Methods 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Control...

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Main Authors: Nur Yorgancilar, Oguz Kose, Sema Yilmaz Rakici, Tolga Mercantepe, Kerimali Akyildiz, Levent Tumkaya, Adnan Yilmaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05251-0
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author Nur Yorgancilar
Oguz Kose
Sema Yilmaz Rakici
Tolga Mercantepe
Kerimali Akyildiz
Levent Tumkaya
Adnan Yilmaz
author_facet Nur Yorgancilar
Oguz Kose
Sema Yilmaz Rakici
Tolga Mercantepe
Kerimali Akyildiz
Levent Tumkaya
Adnan Yilmaz
author_sort Nur Yorgancilar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of amifostine and melatonin oxidatively, biochemically and histomorphometrically in rats with radiotherapy-induced experimental periodontitis. Methods 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), Ep + radiotherapy (Ep + Rt), Ep + Rt + amifostine (Ep + Rt + Ami), Ep + Rt + melatonin (Ep + Rt + Mel). The day after induction of periodontitis by ligature, a single dose of 5 Gy radiotherapy was administered. On the same day, treatments with amifostine (200 mg/kg) for 3 days and melatonin (10 mg/kg) for 15 days were started. By after 23 days of experiment, periodontal bone loss was measured by histomorphometry. RANKL, OPG and Caspase-3 activities were analyzed immunohistochemically and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) levels and oxidative stress (TOS/TAS) were analyzed biochemically in tissue homogenates. Results It was observed that there was a significant difference in many biochemical parameters and oxidative stress levels between the control group and Ep + Rt (p < 0.05). Alveolar bone destruction in the melatonin prophylaxis group was observed to be close to control (p > 0.05). Melatonin significantly improved biochemical, histochemical, apoptotic and bone loss levels in irradiated experimental periodontitis rats (p < 0.05). When comparing the two drug groups (Ep + Rt + Ami and Ep + Rt + Mel), no statistically significant difference was found at any parameter level (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both melatonin and amifostine can significantly limit RT-induced periodontal bone loss by suppressing inflammatory stress, apoptotic mechanisms, and RANKL-related osteoclastic activity. Given the limited side effects of melatonin, it may be an alternative to amifostine.
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spelling doaj-art-8db00c7f95e543f9a5ced306f5bda8ea2025-08-20T02:38:35ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-11-0124111210.1186/s12903-024-05251-0Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitisNur Yorgancilar0Oguz Kose1Sema Yilmaz Rakici2Tolga Mercantepe3Kerimali Akyildiz4Levent Tumkaya5Adnan Yilmaz6School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversitySchool of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversitySchool of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversitySchool of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversitySchool of Healh Care Services Vocational, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversitySchool of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversitySchool of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan UniversityAbstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of amifostine and melatonin oxidatively, biochemically and histomorphometrically in rats with radiotherapy-induced experimental periodontitis. Methods 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: Control, experimental periodontitis (Ep), Ep + radiotherapy (Ep + Rt), Ep + Rt + amifostine (Ep + Rt + Ami), Ep + Rt + melatonin (Ep + Rt + Mel). The day after induction of periodontitis by ligature, a single dose of 5 Gy radiotherapy was administered. On the same day, treatments with amifostine (200 mg/kg) for 3 days and melatonin (10 mg/kg) for 15 days were started. By after 23 days of experiment, periodontal bone loss was measured by histomorphometry. RANKL, OPG and Caspase-3 activities were analyzed immunohistochemically and inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α) levels and oxidative stress (TOS/TAS) were analyzed biochemically in tissue homogenates. Results It was observed that there was a significant difference in many biochemical parameters and oxidative stress levels between the control group and Ep + Rt (p < 0.05). Alveolar bone destruction in the melatonin prophylaxis group was observed to be close to control (p > 0.05). Melatonin significantly improved biochemical, histochemical, apoptotic and bone loss levels in irradiated experimental periodontitis rats (p < 0.05). When comparing the two drug groups (Ep + Rt + Ami and Ep + Rt + Mel), no statistically significant difference was found at any parameter level (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both melatonin and amifostine can significantly limit RT-induced periodontal bone loss by suppressing inflammatory stress, apoptotic mechanisms, and RANKL-related osteoclastic activity. Given the limited side effects of melatonin, it may be an alternative to amifostine.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05251-0PeriodontitisRadiotherapyAmifostineMelatoninAlveolar BoneRat
spellingShingle Nur Yorgancilar
Oguz Kose
Sema Yilmaz Rakici
Tolga Mercantepe
Kerimali Akyildiz
Levent Tumkaya
Adnan Yilmaz
Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
BMC Oral Health
Periodontitis
Radiotherapy
Amifostine
Melatonin
Alveolar Bone
Rat
title Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
title_full Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
title_fullStr Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
title_full_unstemmed Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
title_short Preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
title_sort preventive effects of melatonin and amifostine on irradiated rats with experimental periodontitis
topic Periodontitis
Radiotherapy
Amifostine
Melatonin
Alveolar Bone
Rat
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05251-0
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