Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis

Red-layer soft rock has characteristics such as softening when encountering water, loose structure, and significant rheological properties. In tunnel engineering, it is necessary to sort out and analyze the stress characteristics of its support structure. This paper focuses on the mechanical behavio...

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Main Authors: Jin Wu, Zhize Han, Yunxing Wang, Feng Peng, Geng Cheng, Jiaxin Jia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Buildings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/13/2366
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author Jin Wu
Zhize Han
Yunxing Wang
Feng Peng
Geng Cheng
Jiaxin Jia
author_facet Jin Wu
Zhize Han
Yunxing Wang
Feng Peng
Geng Cheng
Jiaxin Jia
author_sort Jin Wu
collection DOAJ
description Red-layer soft rock has characteristics such as softening when encountering water, loose structure, and significant rheological properties. In tunnel engineering, it is necessary to sort out and analyze the stress characteristics of its support structure. This paper focuses on the mechanical behavior and support effect during the construction of Neogene red-layer soft rock tunnels. Through field monitoring, it explores the mechanical characteristics of Huizhou Tunnel under complex geological conditions in depth. This study adopted a remote wireless monitoring system to conduct real-time monitoring of key indicators including tunnel surrounding rock pressure, support structure stress, and deformation, obtaining a large amount of detailed data. An analysis revealed that the stress experienced by rock bolts is complex and varies widely, with stress values between 105 and 330.5 MPa. The peak axial force at a depth of 2.5 m reflects that the thickness of the loosened zone in the surrounding rock is approximately 2.5 m. The compressive stress in the steel arches of the primary support does not exceed 305.3 MPa. Shotcrete effectively controls the surrounding rock deformation, but the timing of support installation needs careful selection. The stress in the secondary lining is closely related to the primary support. The research findings provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the support design of red-bed soft rock tunnels and enhancing construction safety and reliability.
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spelling doaj-art-8dafe8ce3d2e44a3ad1a041262eb26ec2025-08-20T02:35:59ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-07-011513236610.3390/buildings15132366Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal AnalysisJin Wu0Zhize Han1Yunxing Wang2Feng Peng3Geng Cheng4Jiaxin Jia5School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, ChinaInstitute of Geological Hazards Prevention, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, ChinaRed-layer soft rock has characteristics such as softening when encountering water, loose structure, and significant rheological properties. In tunnel engineering, it is necessary to sort out and analyze the stress characteristics of its support structure. This paper focuses on the mechanical behavior and support effect during the construction of Neogene red-layer soft rock tunnels. Through field monitoring, it explores the mechanical characteristics of Huizhou Tunnel under complex geological conditions in depth. This study adopted a remote wireless monitoring system to conduct real-time monitoring of key indicators including tunnel surrounding rock pressure, support structure stress, and deformation, obtaining a large amount of detailed data. An analysis revealed that the stress experienced by rock bolts is complex and varies widely, with stress values between 105 and 330.5 MPa. The peak axial force at a depth of 2.5 m reflects that the thickness of the loosened zone in the surrounding rock is approximately 2.5 m. The compressive stress in the steel arches of the primary support does not exceed 305.3 MPa. Shotcrete effectively controls the surrounding rock deformation, but the timing of support installation needs careful selection. The stress in the secondary lining is closely related to the primary support. The research findings provide an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the support design of red-bed soft rock tunnels and enhancing construction safety and reliability.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/13/2366red-bed soft rockwireless remote monitoringsupport structuremechanical properties
spellingShingle Jin Wu
Zhize Han
Yunxing Wang
Feng Peng
Geng Cheng
Jiaxin Jia
Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis
Buildings
red-bed soft rock
wireless remote monitoring
support structure
mechanical properties
title Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis
title_full Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis
title_fullStr Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis
title_short Stress-Deformation Mechanisms of Tunnel Support in Neogene Red-Bed Soft Rock: Insights from Wireless Remote Monitoring and Spatiotemporal Analysis
title_sort stress deformation mechanisms of tunnel support in neogene red bed soft rock insights from wireless remote monitoring and spatiotemporal analysis
topic red-bed soft rock
wireless remote monitoring
support structure
mechanical properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/13/2366
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