Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments

Glycerol dialkyl glyceryl tetraethers (GDGTs) are a class of environment biomarkers that are widely found in the environment of oceans, lakes, soils, and peat. GDGTs usually exist as intact polar lipids (IPL-GDGTs) in living cells, while they exist as core lipids stripped of polar head groups (CL-GD...

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Main Authors: Nan ZHAN, Qing SUN, Qi LI, Manman XIE, Wenyu SHANG, Ruixia HAO
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Science Press, PR China 2024-02-01
Series:Yankuang ceshi
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Online Access:http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077
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author Nan ZHAN
Qing SUN
Qi LI
Manman XIE
Wenyu SHANG
Ruixia HAO
author_facet Nan ZHAN
Qing SUN
Qi LI
Manman XIE
Wenyu SHANG
Ruixia HAO
author_sort Nan ZHAN
collection DOAJ
description Glycerol dialkyl glyceryl tetraethers (GDGTs) are a class of environment biomarkers that are widely found in the environment of oceans, lakes, soils, and peat. GDGTs usually exist as intact polar lipids (IPL-GDGTs) in living cells, while they exist as core lipids stripped of polar head groups (CL-GDGTs) in geological environments. CL-GDGTs are structurally stable and sensitive to environmental changes and are considered to be a powerful tool for reconstructing palaeoclimate-palaeoenvironmental changes. GDGTs are structurally complex and diverse, coexisting with other compounds and present low contents, which brings challenges in analysis, especially in separation, purification, and quantification. This article summarizes the classification and structure of GDGTs, and presents a summary and comparison of methods for the separation and purification of IPL-GDGTs and CL-GDGTs in the environment. Multiple extraction methods can be used for CL-GDGTs, while the polar and thermally unstable IPL-GDGTs are preferably extracted using the Bligh-Dyer method. This article reviews the characteristics and limitations of various analysis methods, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077.
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spelling doaj-art-8dae78ddafba46ad97ef9531be5ccb302025-08-20T03:11:24ZengScience Press, PR ChinaYankuang ceshi0254-53572024-02-01431304610.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077yk202306100077Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological EnvironmentsNan ZHAN0Qing SUN1Qi LI2Manman XIE3Wenyu SHANG4Ruixia HAO5National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, ChinaNational Research Center for Geoanalysis, Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, ChinaInstitute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaNational Research Center for Geoanalysis, Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, ChinaNational Research Center for Geoanalysis, Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100037, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaGlycerol dialkyl glyceryl tetraethers (GDGTs) are a class of environment biomarkers that are widely found in the environment of oceans, lakes, soils, and peat. GDGTs usually exist as intact polar lipids (IPL-GDGTs) in living cells, while they exist as core lipids stripped of polar head groups (CL-GDGTs) in geological environments. CL-GDGTs are structurally stable and sensitive to environmental changes and are considered to be a powerful tool for reconstructing palaeoclimate-palaeoenvironmental changes. GDGTs are structurally complex and diverse, coexisting with other compounds and present low contents, which brings challenges in analysis, especially in separation, purification, and quantification. This article summarizes the classification and structure of GDGTs, and presents a summary and comparison of methods for the separation and purification of IPL-GDGTs and CL-GDGTs in the environment. Multiple extraction methods can be used for CL-GDGTs, while the polar and thermally unstable IPL-GDGTs are preferably extracted using the Bligh-Dyer method. This article reviews the characteristics and limitations of various analysis methods, including liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077.http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (gdgts)extractionseparation and purificationcontent analysisstructural identificationisotopic analysis
spellingShingle Nan ZHAN
Qing SUN
Qi LI
Manman XIE
Wenyu SHANG
Ruixia HAO
Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
Yankuang ceshi
glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (gdgts)
extraction
separation and purification
content analysis
structural identification
isotopic analysis
title Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
title_full Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
title_fullStr Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
title_full_unstemmed Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
title_short Research Progress in Analytical Methods of Biomarker GDGTs in Geological Environments
title_sort research progress in analytical methods of biomarker gdgts in geological environments
topic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (gdgts)
extraction
separation and purification
content analysis
structural identification
isotopic analysis
url http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202306100077
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