Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies

Sepsis is a complex syndrome resulting from an aberrant host response to infection. A hallmark of sepsis is the failure of the immune system to restore balance, characterized by hyperinflammation or immunosuppression. However, the net effect of immune system imbalance and the clinical manifestations...

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Main Authors: Yehua Li, Siying Ren, Shen’ao Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Experimental and Molecular Pathology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014480025000127
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author Yehua Li
Siying Ren
Shen’ao Zhou
author_facet Yehua Li
Siying Ren
Shen’ao Zhou
author_sort Yehua Li
collection DOAJ
description Sepsis is a complex syndrome resulting from an aberrant host response to infection. A hallmark of sepsis is the failure of the immune system to restore balance, characterized by hyperinflammation or immunosuppression. However, the net effect of immune system imbalance and the clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous among patients. In recent years, research interest has shifted from focusing on the pathogenicity of microorganisms to the molecular mechanisms of host responses which is also associated with biomarkers that can help early diagnose sepsis and guide treatment decisions. Despite significant advancements in medical science, sepsis remains a major challenge in healthcare, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this condition and develop novel therapies to improve outcomes for patients with sepsis. This review explores the related signal pathways of sepsis and underscores recent advancements in understanding its mechanisms. Exploration of diverse biomarkers and the emerging concept of sepsis endotypes offer promising avenues for precision therapy in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-8d95e42ad2f54e4caa6291c6dd239ac02025-08-20T02:30:39ZengElsevierExperimental and Molecular Pathology1096-09452025-06-0114210496310.1016/j.yexmp.2025.104963Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategiesYehua Li0Siying Ren1Shen’ao Zhou2College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; Corresponding authors.College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR ChinaState Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, CAS. Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China; Corresponding authors.Sepsis is a complex syndrome resulting from an aberrant host response to infection. A hallmark of sepsis is the failure of the immune system to restore balance, characterized by hyperinflammation or immunosuppression. However, the net effect of immune system imbalance and the clinical manifestations are highly heterogeneous among patients. In recent years, research interest has shifted from focusing on the pathogenicity of microorganisms to the molecular mechanisms of host responses which is also associated with biomarkers that can help early diagnose sepsis and guide treatment decisions. Despite significant advancements in medical science, sepsis remains a major challenge in healthcare, contributing to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of this condition and develop novel therapies to improve outcomes for patients with sepsis. This review explores the related signal pathways of sepsis and underscores recent advancements in understanding its mechanisms. Exploration of diverse biomarkers and the emerging concept of sepsis endotypes offer promising avenues for precision therapy in the future.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014480025000127SepsisSepsis shockInflammationOrgan dysfunctionSepsis therapy
spellingShingle Yehua Li
Siying Ren
Shen’ao Zhou
Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies
Experimental and Molecular Pathology
Sepsis
Sepsis shock
Inflammation
Organ dysfunction
Sepsis therapy
title Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies
title_full Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies
title_fullStr Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies
title_full_unstemmed Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies
title_short Advances in sepsis research: Insights into signaling pathways, organ failure, and emerging intervention strategies
title_sort advances in sepsis research insights into signaling pathways organ failure and emerging intervention strategies
topic Sepsis
Sepsis shock
Inflammation
Organ dysfunction
Sepsis therapy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0014480025000127
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AT siyingren advancesinsepsisresearchinsightsintosignalingpathwaysorganfailureandemerginginterventionstrategies
AT shenaozhou advancesinsepsisresearchinsightsintosignalingpathwaysorganfailureandemerginginterventionstrategies