The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean

The growing altitude is an important factor affecting the quality of coffee. We explored the flavor precursors, sensory characteristics, and cupping qualities of coffee growing at different altitudes and discussed their associated relationships. The altitude at which coffee is grown has different ef...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rongsuo Hu, Fei Xu, Xiao Chen, Qinrui Kuang, Xingyuan Xiao, Wenjiang Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3842
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850260175983738880
author Rongsuo Hu
Fei Xu
Xiao Chen
Qinrui Kuang
Xingyuan Xiao
Wenjiang Dong
author_facet Rongsuo Hu
Fei Xu
Xiao Chen
Qinrui Kuang
Xingyuan Xiao
Wenjiang Dong
author_sort Rongsuo Hu
collection DOAJ
description The growing altitude is an important factor affecting the quality of coffee. We explored the flavor precursors, sensory characteristics, and cupping qualities of coffee growing at different altitudes and discussed their associated relationships. The altitude at which coffee is grown has different effects on its chemical composition. Fatty acid contents increased with increasing altitudes, whereas alkaloid and chlorogenic acids contents decreased with increasing elevation. There was no obvious trend in either organic acids or monosaccharides. Eleven of the 112 detected volatile components were significantly affected by the growing altitude. The contents of pyrazines and alcohols tended to decrease, whereas those of aldehydes tended to increase. A significantly altered composition reduces the nutty and roasted flavors of coffee, while increasing the sweet sugar and caramel aromas. The aroma and flavor tended to increase with increasing altitudes during cupping, whereas the other indicators did not change significantly. The results provide a theoretical reference for the sales and promotion of Pu’er coffee.
format Article
id doaj-art-8d897b1401634b0c871c4441ad8b0ef2
institution OA Journals
issn 2304-8158
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Foods
spelling doaj-art-8d897b1401634b0c871c4441ad8b0ef22025-08-20T01:55:41ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011323384210.3390/foods13233842The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee BeanRongsuo Hu0Fei Xu1Xiao Chen2Qinrui Kuang3Xingyuan Xiao4Wenjiang Dong5Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning 571533, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning 571533, ChinaCollege of Food and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Modern Agriculture and Bioengineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, ChinaCollege of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agriculture University, Pu’er 665000, ChinaSpice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Wanning 571533, ChinaThe growing altitude is an important factor affecting the quality of coffee. We explored the flavor precursors, sensory characteristics, and cupping qualities of coffee growing at different altitudes and discussed their associated relationships. The altitude at which coffee is grown has different effects on its chemical composition. Fatty acid contents increased with increasing altitudes, whereas alkaloid and chlorogenic acids contents decreased with increasing elevation. There was no obvious trend in either organic acids or monosaccharides. Eleven of the 112 detected volatile components were significantly affected by the growing altitude. The contents of pyrazines and alcohols tended to decrease, whereas those of aldehydes tended to increase. A significantly altered composition reduces the nutty and roasted flavors of coffee, while increasing the sweet sugar and caramel aromas. The aroma and flavor tended to increase with increasing altitudes during cupping, whereas the other indicators did not change significantly. The results provide a theoretical reference for the sales and promotion of Pu’er coffee.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3842coffeealtitudeflavor precursorssensory characteristicscupping quality
spellingShingle Rongsuo Hu
Fei Xu
Xiao Chen
Qinrui Kuang
Xingyuan Xiao
Wenjiang Dong
The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean
Foods
coffee
altitude
flavor precursors
sensory characteristics
cupping quality
title The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean
title_full The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean
title_fullStr The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean
title_full_unstemmed The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean
title_short The Growing Altitude Influences the Flavor Precursors, Sensory Characteristics and Cupping Quality of the Pu’er Coffee Bean
title_sort growing altitude influences the flavor precursors sensory characteristics and cupping quality of the pu er coffee bean
topic coffee
altitude
flavor precursors
sensory characteristics
cupping quality
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/23/3842
work_keys_str_mv AT rongsuohu thegrowingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT feixu thegrowingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT xiaochen thegrowingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT qinruikuang thegrowingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT xingyuanxiao thegrowingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT wenjiangdong thegrowingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT rongsuohu growingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT feixu growingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT xiaochen growingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT qinruikuang growingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT xingyuanxiao growingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean
AT wenjiangdong growingaltitudeinfluencestheflavorprecursorssensorycharacteristicsandcuppingqualityofthepuercoffeebean