Efficacy and Safety of Visible and Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation Therapy on Astenospermic Human Sperm: Wavelength-Dependent Regulation of Nitric Oxide Levels and Mitochondrial Energetics

Male infertility is a growing global concern, with asthenozoospermia being an important contributing factor. Mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in the metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) are key determinants of reduced sperm motility. This study investigates the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) wi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Matilde Balbi, Rachele Lai, Sara Stigliani, Claudia Massarotti, Matteo Bozzo, Paola Scaruffi, Silvia Ravera, Andrea Amaroli
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/491
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