Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks

The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a high-concentrate diet on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbiota in house-fed yaks. Sixteen male yaks (body weight, 151.73 ± 14.11 kg; 18 months) were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments: a group with a low...

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Main Authors: Ben Zhang, Xingdong Wang, Ziqiang Ding, Yandong Kang, Shaoke Guo, Mengli Cao, Liyan Hu, Lin Xiong, Jie Pei, Xian Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3594
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author Ben Zhang
Xingdong Wang
Ziqiang Ding
Yandong Kang
Shaoke Guo
Mengli Cao
Liyan Hu
Lin Xiong
Jie Pei
Xian Guo
author_facet Ben Zhang
Xingdong Wang
Ziqiang Ding
Yandong Kang
Shaoke Guo
Mengli Cao
Liyan Hu
Lin Xiong
Jie Pei
Xian Guo
author_sort Ben Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this study is to determine the effects of a high-concentrate diet on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbiota in house-fed yaks. Sixteen male yaks (body weight, 151.73 ± 14.11 kg; 18 months) were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments: a group with a low level of concentrate (<i>n</i> = 8, LC, concentrate–forage = 40:60) and a group with a high level of concentrate (<i>n</i> = 8, HC, concentrate–forage = 60:40). We found that compared with the LC group, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), the average daily gain (ADG), and the serum albumin (ALB) concentration in the HC group were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The rumen bacterial compositions also differed significantly between the groups, as indicated by principal coordinate analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidota</i> were the main dominant phyla of rumen bacteria in yaks. Compared with the LC group, the relative abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> in the HC group was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and the relative abundance of <i>Bacteroidota</i> was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the genus level, <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i>, <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, and <i>NK4A214_group</i> had the highest relative abundance. The relative abundance of <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i> in the HC group was significantly higher than that in the LC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The PICRUSt 2 results showed a significant enrichment in glycosaminoglycan degradation, apoptosis, and ECM–receptor interaction in HC relative to LC (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, high-concentrate diets can enhance growth performance and alter the compositions and functions of ruminal bacterial communities in yaks.
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spelling doaj-art-8d7cfca3167f405fa1ae53df4870cd432025-08-20T02:55:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-12-011424359410.3390/ani14243594Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed YaksBen Zhang0Xingdong Wang1Ziqiang Ding2Yandong Kang3Shaoke Guo4Mengli Cao5Liyan Hu6Lin Xiong7Jie Pei8Xian Guo9Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010022, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaKey Laboratory of Yak Breeding in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, ChinaThe aim of this study is to determine the effects of a high-concentrate diet on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbiota in house-fed yaks. Sixteen male yaks (body weight, 151.73 ± 14.11 kg; 18 months) were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments: a group with a low level of concentrate (<i>n</i> = 8, LC, concentrate–forage = 40:60) and a group with a high level of concentrate (<i>n</i> = 8, HC, concentrate–forage = 60:40). We found that compared with the LC group, the average daily feed intake (ADFI), the average daily gain (ADG), and the serum albumin (ALB) concentration in the HC group were significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The rumen bacterial compositions also differed significantly between the groups, as indicated by principal coordinate analysis (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Bacteroidota</i> were the main dominant phyla of rumen bacteria in yaks. Compared with the LC group, the relative abundance of <i>Firmicutes</i> in the HC group was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and the relative abundance of <i>Bacteroidota</i> was significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). At the genus level, <i>Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group</i>, <i>Succiniclasticum</i>, <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i>, and <i>NK4A214_group</i> had the highest relative abundance. The relative abundance of <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i> in the HC group was significantly higher than that in the LC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The PICRUSt 2 results showed a significant enrichment in glycosaminoglycan degradation, apoptosis, and ECM–receptor interaction in HC relative to LC (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In conclusion, high-concentrate diets can enhance growth performance and alter the compositions and functions of ruminal bacterial communities in yaks.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3594yakhigh concentrategrowth performanceserum indexesrumen microbiota
spellingShingle Ben Zhang
Xingdong Wang
Ziqiang Ding
Yandong Kang
Shaoke Guo
Mengli Cao
Liyan Hu
Lin Xiong
Jie Pei
Xian Guo
Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks
Animals
yak
high concentrate
growth performance
serum indexes
rumen microbiota
title Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks
title_full Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks
title_fullStr Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks
title_full_unstemmed Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks
title_short Effects of High-Concentrate Diets on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes, and Rumen Microbiota in House-Fed Yaks
title_sort effects of high concentrate diets on growth performance serum biochemical indexes and rumen microbiota in house fed yaks
topic yak
high concentrate
growth performance
serum indexes
rumen microbiota
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/24/3594
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