Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil

Abstract Fungi play a pivotal role in ecosystem functionality, driving processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic interactions. Their wide enzymatic strategies enable the breakdown of complex organic materials and the valorization of organic waste streams, providing sustainable...

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Main Authors: Taren Bouwman, Lauren Higa, Caitlyn Lee, Shaina Young, Arel Ragasa, Gregory Bonito, Nhu H. Nguyen, Zhi-Yan Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02651-4
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author Taren Bouwman
Lauren Higa
Caitlyn Lee
Shaina Young
Arel Ragasa
Gregory Bonito
Nhu H. Nguyen
Zhi-Yan Du
author_facet Taren Bouwman
Lauren Higa
Caitlyn Lee
Shaina Young
Arel Ragasa
Gregory Bonito
Nhu H. Nguyen
Zhi-Yan Du
author_sort Taren Bouwman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Fungi play a pivotal role in ecosystem functionality, driving processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic interactions. Their wide enzymatic strategies enable the breakdown of complex organic materials and the valorization of organic waste streams, providing sustainable pathways for bioproduct development. Fungi also exhibit significant potential in industrial applications, particularly in biofuel and nutraceutical production, owing to their high lipid content and adaptability to diverse feedstocks. Genera such as Aspergillus, Mortierella, and Linnemannia have demonstrated exceptional lipid production capabilities and unique fatty acid profiles, including high yields of nutraceuticals like arachidonic acid (ARA) and oleic acid. This study explored uncharacterized fungal strains isolated from California grassland soils, analyzing their phylogeny, morphology, growth rates, lipid content, and fatty acid profiles. Results revealed notable genetic and physiological diversity among the isolates, with Mortierella strains emerging as the most promising for industrial applications due to their superior lipid content and productivity of ARA and oleic acid. Confocal microscopy confirmed consistent lipid droplet morphology, while phylogenetic analysis uncovered novel species-level diversity. Key strains were identified for biofuel and nutraceutical production, highlighting their industrial potential. These findings underscore the versatility of fungi as biotechnological tools and provide a foundation for further exploration and utilization of these promising strains in industrial processes. Graphical Abstract
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spelling doaj-art-8d7213764f0c4f0fb25e6fcc62948c832025-08-20T03:16:29ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts2731-36542025-05-0118111410.1186/s13068-025-02651-4Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soilTaren Bouwman0Lauren Higa1Caitlyn Lee2Shaina Young3Arel Ragasa4Gregory Bonito5Nhu H. Nguyen6Zhi-Yan Du7Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaDepartment of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State UniversityDepartment of Tropical Plant and Soil Science, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaDepartment of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaiʻi at MānoaAbstract Fungi play a pivotal role in ecosystem functionality, driving processes such as decomposition, nutrient cycling, and symbiotic interactions. Their wide enzymatic strategies enable the breakdown of complex organic materials and the valorization of organic waste streams, providing sustainable pathways for bioproduct development. Fungi also exhibit significant potential in industrial applications, particularly in biofuel and nutraceutical production, owing to their high lipid content and adaptability to diverse feedstocks. Genera such as Aspergillus, Mortierella, and Linnemannia have demonstrated exceptional lipid production capabilities and unique fatty acid profiles, including high yields of nutraceuticals like arachidonic acid (ARA) and oleic acid. This study explored uncharacterized fungal strains isolated from California grassland soils, analyzing their phylogeny, morphology, growth rates, lipid content, and fatty acid profiles. Results revealed notable genetic and physiological diversity among the isolates, with Mortierella strains emerging as the most promising for industrial applications due to their superior lipid content and productivity of ARA and oleic acid. Confocal microscopy confirmed consistent lipid droplet morphology, while phylogenetic analysis uncovered novel species-level diversity. Key strains were identified for biofuel and nutraceutical production, highlighting their industrial potential. These findings underscore the versatility of fungi as biotechnological tools and provide a foundation for further exploration and utilization of these promising strains in industrial processes. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02651-4FungiBiodiversityBiofuelLipidsNutraceuticals
spellingShingle Taren Bouwman
Lauren Higa
Caitlyn Lee
Shaina Young
Arel Ragasa
Gregory Bonito
Nhu H. Nguyen
Zhi-Yan Du
Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil
Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
Fungi
Biodiversity
Biofuel
Lipids
Nutraceuticals
title Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil
title_full Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil
title_fullStr Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil
title_full_unstemmed Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil
title_short Biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from California annual grassland soil
title_sort biochemical and molecular characterization of fungal isolates from california annual grassland soil
topic Fungi
Biodiversity
Biofuel
Lipids
Nutraceuticals
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02651-4
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