High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook

The irradiation experiment conducted in the HFR material testing reactor, under conditions simulating the operating environment of the DEMO breeding blanket, along with subsequent post-irradiation examinations (PIEs) of irradiated beryllium-based materials—such as pure beryllium and titanium berylli...

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Main Authors: Vladimir Chakin, Rolf Rolli, Hans-Christian Schneider, Ramil Gaisin, Pavel Vladimirov, Michael Klimenkov, Michael Duerrschnabel, Nikolai Zimber, Michael Rieth, Bronislava Gorr, Francisco A. Hernández, Dirk Radloff, Alexander Fedorov, Milan Zmitko, Masaru Nakamichi, Sergey Udartsev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Nuclear Materials and Energy
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235217912500050X
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author Vladimir Chakin
Rolf Rolli
Hans-Christian Schneider
Ramil Gaisin
Pavel Vladimirov
Michael Klimenkov
Michael Duerrschnabel
Nikolai Zimber
Michael Rieth
Bronislava Gorr
Francisco A. Hernández
Dirk Radloff
Alexander Fedorov
Milan Zmitko
Masaru Nakamichi
Sergey Udartsev
author_facet Vladimir Chakin
Rolf Rolli
Hans-Christian Schneider
Ramil Gaisin
Pavel Vladimirov
Michael Klimenkov
Michael Duerrschnabel
Nikolai Zimber
Michael Rieth
Bronislava Gorr
Francisco A. Hernández
Dirk Radloff
Alexander Fedorov
Milan Zmitko
Masaru Nakamichi
Sergey Udartsev
author_sort Vladimir Chakin
collection DOAJ
description The irradiation experiment conducted in the HFR material testing reactor, under conditions simulating the operating environment of the DEMO breeding blanket, along with subsequent post-irradiation examinations (PIEs) of irradiated beryllium-based materials—such as pure beryllium and titanium beryllide—enabled a comparative analysis of their radiation resistance for potential use as neutron multipliers. The PIEs clearly demonstrated the superiority of titanium beryllide over beryllium, particularly in terms of reduced swelling, lower tritium retention, and enhanced mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. As a result, titanium beryllide blocks have been proposed to replace beryllium pebbles in the Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) DEMO breeding blanket design. A production technology for fabricating titanium beryllide blocks was successfully developed, and further advancements in this technology, along with research on full-scale blocks, have been outlined.
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spelling doaj-art-8d6cc610893544af91c967f3ca83d4b52025-08-20T02:56:52ZengElsevierNuclear Materials and Energy2352-17912025-03-014210191010.1016/j.nme.2025.101910High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlookVladimir Chakin0Rolf Rolli1Hans-Christian Schneider2Ramil Gaisin3Pavel Vladimirov4Michael Klimenkov5Michael Duerrschnabel6Nikolai Zimber7Michael Rieth8Bronislava Gorr9Francisco A. Hernández10Dirk Radloff11Alexander Fedorov12Milan Zmitko13Masaru Nakamichi14Sergey Udartsev15Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Corresponding author.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Neutron Physics and Reactor Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyKarlsruhe Institute of Technology, Nuclear Fusion Programme, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, GermanyNuclear Research & Consultancy Group, Arnhem, Noord-Holland, the NetherlandsFusion for Energy, c/ Josep Pla, n° 2, Torres Diagonal Litoral Edificio B3, 08019 Barcelona, SpainQuantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, 2-166, Omotedate, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Aomori 039-3212, JapanUlba Metallurgical Plant, Abay Avenue 102, 070005 Ust-Kamenogorsk, KazakhstanThe irradiation experiment conducted in the HFR material testing reactor, under conditions simulating the operating environment of the DEMO breeding blanket, along with subsequent post-irradiation examinations (PIEs) of irradiated beryllium-based materials—such as pure beryllium and titanium beryllide—enabled a comparative analysis of their radiation resistance for potential use as neutron multipliers. The PIEs clearly demonstrated the superiority of titanium beryllide over beryllium, particularly in terms of reduced swelling, lower tritium retention, and enhanced mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. As a result, titanium beryllide blocks have been proposed to replace beryllium pebbles in the Helium-Cooled Pebble Bed (HCPB) DEMO breeding blanket design. A production technology for fabricating titanium beryllide blocks was successfully developed, and further advancements in this technology, along with research on full-scale blocks, have been outlined.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235217912500050XHelium-cooled pebble bedDEMO breeding blanketNeutron multiplierBeryllium pebblesTitanium beryllide
spellingShingle Vladimir Chakin
Rolf Rolli
Hans-Christian Schneider
Ramil Gaisin
Pavel Vladimirov
Michael Klimenkov
Michael Duerrschnabel
Nikolai Zimber
Michael Rieth
Bronislava Gorr
Francisco A. Hernández
Dirk Radloff
Alexander Fedorov
Milan Zmitko
Masaru Nakamichi
Sergey Udartsev
High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook
Nuclear Materials and Energy
Helium-cooled pebble bed
DEMO breeding blanket
Neutron multiplier
Beryllium pebbles
Titanium beryllide
title High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook
title_full High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook
title_fullStr High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook
title_full_unstemmed High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook
title_short High-dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide: Summary and outlook
title_sort high dose neutron irradiation of beryllium and titanium beryllide summary and outlook
topic Helium-cooled pebble bed
DEMO breeding blanket
Neutron multiplier
Beryllium pebbles
Titanium beryllide
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235217912500050X
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