Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains high, accompanied by low 5-year survival rates. Identifying prognostic factors is essential for advancing personalized treatment approaches. Increasing evidence implicates aberrant alternative splicing (AS) plays a key r...

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Main Authors: Siyi He, Jiali Meng, Chunyan Liang, Yiru Wang, Xinling Qin, Lulu Huang, Rensheng Wang, Weimei Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-03-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02214-x
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author Siyi He
Jiali Meng
Chunyan Liang
Yiru Wang
Xinling Qin
Lulu Huang
Rensheng Wang
Weimei Huang
author_facet Siyi He
Jiali Meng
Chunyan Liang
Yiru Wang
Xinling Qin
Lulu Huang
Rensheng Wang
Weimei Huang
author_sort Siyi He
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains high, accompanied by low 5-year survival rates. Identifying prognostic factors is essential for advancing personalized treatment approaches. Increasing evidence implicates aberrant alternative splicing (AS) plays a key role in tumor progression. Utilizing data from TCGA and TCGA SpliceSeq, prognosis-associated AS events were identified through Cox regression analysis. A prognostic risk model was developed via multivariate Cox and LASSO regression, with validation conducted using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and ROC curve analysis. The correlation between splicing factors (SFs) and prognosis-associated AS events was analyzed using Pearson's method, followed by the construction of an SF-AS regulatory network. Key splicing factors (KSFs) were identified using Cytoscape software. Expression of KSFs in HNSCC was confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. SiRNA-mediated knockdown in HNSCC cell lines (HONE1, HN4, SAS) demonstrated effects on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as assessed by CCK8, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Tumor growth was further evaluated in a subcutaneous tumor model in vivo. A total of 2347 survival-related AS events were identified, of which eleven were used to construct the prognostic model. Patients in the low-risk group exhibited significantly improved outcomes (P = 0e + 00), underscoring the model's predictive accuracy. Notably, DDX39B and PRPF39 emerged as key splicing factors, exhibiting high expression in HNSCC and correlating with poor prognosis, positioning them as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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spelling doaj-art-8d6b6e71f9384e6d800a45fc9920bf7e2025-08-20T03:04:51ZengSpringerDiscover Oncology2730-60112025-03-0116111510.1007/s12672-025-02214-xPrognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinomaSiyi He0Jiali Meng1Chunyan Liang2Yiru Wang3Xinling Qin4Lulu Huang5Rensheng Wang6Weimei Huang7Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityDepartment of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityAbstract The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains high, accompanied by low 5-year survival rates. Identifying prognostic factors is essential for advancing personalized treatment approaches. Increasing evidence implicates aberrant alternative splicing (AS) plays a key role in tumor progression. Utilizing data from TCGA and TCGA SpliceSeq, prognosis-associated AS events were identified through Cox regression analysis. A prognostic risk model was developed via multivariate Cox and LASSO regression, with validation conducted using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and ROC curve analysis. The correlation between splicing factors (SFs) and prognosis-associated AS events was analyzed using Pearson's method, followed by the construction of an SF-AS regulatory network. Key splicing factors (KSFs) were identified using Cytoscape software. Expression of KSFs in HNSCC was confirmed by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. SiRNA-mediated knockdown in HNSCC cell lines (HONE1, HN4, SAS) demonstrated effects on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as assessed by CCK8, colony formation, Transwell, and wound healing assays. Tumor growth was further evaluated in a subcutaneous tumor model in vivo. A total of 2347 survival-related AS events were identified, of which eleven were used to construct the prognostic model. Patients in the low-risk group exhibited significantly improved outcomes (P = 0e + 00), underscoring the model's predictive accuracy. Notably, DDX39B and PRPF39 emerged as key splicing factors, exhibiting high expression in HNSCC and correlating with poor prognosis, positioning them as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02214-xHNSCCAlternative splicingSplicing factorPrognostic modelDDX39BPRPF39
spellingShingle Siyi He
Jiali Meng
Chunyan Liang
Yiru Wang
Xinling Qin
Lulu Huang
Rensheng Wang
Weimei Huang
Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Discover Oncology
HNSCC
Alternative splicing
Splicing factor
Prognostic model
DDX39B
PRPF39
title Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_full Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_fullStr Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_short Prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
title_sort prognostic implications of alternative splicing events and key splicing factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
topic HNSCC
Alternative splicing
Splicing factor
Prognostic model
DDX39B
PRPF39
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02214-x
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