Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations

We performed a thorough search of the literature published through December 2024 with no date exclusions on invasive fungal infection (IFI)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The frequency of IFI-induced HLH reported across 16 article...

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Main Authors: Chia-Yu Chiu, Rachel S. Hicklen, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/2/158
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author Chia-Yu Chiu
Rachel S. Hicklen
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
author_facet Chia-Yu Chiu
Rachel S. Hicklen
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
author_sort Chia-Yu Chiu
collection DOAJ
description We performed a thorough search of the literature published through December 2024 with no date exclusions on invasive fungal infection (IFI)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The frequency of IFI-induced HLH reported across 16 articles was 9%. Of the 116 identified cases with available clinical information, 53% occurred in immunocompromised patients. IFIs were usually disseminated (76%), with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> being the most common pathogen (51%). IFI and HLH were diagnosed simultaneously in most cases (78%). The 30-day survival rate was 64%. Reported cases had significant heterogeneity in patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes.
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series Journal of Fungi
spelling doaj-art-8d620ed7119848e296b44cc2a46a4ad02025-08-20T02:45:00ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-02-0111215810.3390/jof11020158Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV PopulationsChia-Yu Chiu0Rachel S. Hicklen1Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USAResearch Medical Library, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USADepartment of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control, and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USAWe performed a thorough search of the literature published through December 2024 with no date exclusions on invasive fungal infection (IFI)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The frequency of IFI-induced HLH reported across 16 articles was 9%. Of the 116 identified cases with available clinical information, 53% occurred in immunocompromised patients. IFIs were usually disseminated (76%), with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> being the most common pathogen (51%). IFI and HLH were diagnosed simultaneously in most cases (78%). The 30-day survival rate was 64%. Reported cases had significant heterogeneity in patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/2/158hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosisinvasive fungal infectionhematologic malignanciessolid organ transplantimmunocompromised hosts
spellingShingle Chia-Yu Chiu
Rachel S. Hicklen
Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
Journal of Fungi
hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
invasive fungal infection
hematologic malignancies
solid organ transplant
immunocompromised hosts
title Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
title_full Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
title_fullStr Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
title_full_unstemmed Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
title_short Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations
title_sort fungal induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis a literature review in non hiv populations
topic hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
invasive fungal infection
hematologic malignancies
solid organ transplant
immunocompromised hosts
url https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/2/158
work_keys_str_mv AT chiayuchiu fungalinducedhemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisaliteraturereviewinnonhivpopulations
AT rachelshicklen fungalinducedhemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisaliteraturereviewinnonhivpopulations
AT dimitriospkontoyiannis fungalinducedhemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosisaliteraturereviewinnonhivpopulations