Fungal-Induced Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Literature Review in Non-HIV Populations

We performed a thorough search of the literature published through December 2024 with no date exclusions on invasive fungal infection (IFI)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The frequency of IFI-induced HLH reported across 16 article...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chia-Yu Chiu, Rachel S. Hicklen, Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Fungi
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/2/158
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Summary:We performed a thorough search of the literature published through December 2024 with no date exclusions on invasive fungal infection (IFI)-induced hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The frequency of IFI-induced HLH reported across 16 articles was 9%. Of the 116 identified cases with available clinical information, 53% occurred in immunocompromised patients. IFIs were usually disseminated (76%), with <i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> being the most common pathogen (51%). IFI and HLH were diagnosed simultaneously in most cases (78%). The 30-day survival rate was 64%. Reported cases had significant heterogeneity in patient characteristics, management strategies, and outcomes.
ISSN:2309-608X