Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole

Abstract We investigated the effects of PEG-induced drought on the antioxidative mechanisms of Crocus sativus L. and the mitigating effects of PEN on drought tolerance. Contents of H₂O₂ and MDA in fibrous roots were considerably lower than those in leaves and were attenuated by PEN pretreatment. Act...

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Main Authors: Minoo Nasiri, Vahid Niknam, Hassan Rahnama, Maryam Rezayian, Sedigheh Ahmadi-Sakha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03374-0
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author Minoo Nasiri
Vahid Niknam
Hassan Rahnama
Maryam Rezayian
Sedigheh Ahmadi-Sakha
author_facet Minoo Nasiri
Vahid Niknam
Hassan Rahnama
Maryam Rezayian
Sedigheh Ahmadi-Sakha
author_sort Minoo Nasiri
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We investigated the effects of PEG-induced drought on the antioxidative mechanisms of Crocus sativus L. and the mitigating effects of PEN on drought tolerance. Contents of H₂O₂ and MDA in fibrous roots were considerably lower than those in leaves and were attenuated by PEN pretreatment. Activities of CAT, SOD, and POX were significantly higher in fibrous roots than in leaves. Among antioxidative enzymes, POX activity in fibrous roots was 600–2000-fold higher than that in leaves. The increase in CAT and SOD activities under the influence of PEN in the fibrous roots is the main reason for the decrease in MDA levels and highlights the important role of this organ in the response to drought stress. A somewhat similar increase in CAT activity was also observed in the leaves under drought conditions due to PEN. Under drought, PEN led to a significant increase in carotenoid content and an elevated ratio of Chl a to Chl b in the leaves. However, in spite of the higher content of non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves than in fibrous roots, the lower MDA levels in fibrous roots indicated greater efficiency of antioxidative enzymes in controlling membrane lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that PEN can mitigate oxidative damage in saffron under drought conditions by enhancing the activity of SOD (up to 275%) and CAT (up to 189%) and by increasing proline content (up to 50%) in fibrous roots.
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spelling doaj-art-8d60e1d05a3b4115bd3f54590c3449c22025-08-20T03:26:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-03374-0Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazoleMinoo Nasiri0Vahid Niknam1Hassan Rahnama2Maryam Rezayian3Sedigheh Ahmadi-Sakha4School of Biology, College of Science, University of TehranSchool of Biology, College of Science, University of TehranAgricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)School of Biology, College of Science, University of TehranSchool of Biology, College of Science, University of TehranAbstract We investigated the effects of PEG-induced drought on the antioxidative mechanisms of Crocus sativus L. and the mitigating effects of PEN on drought tolerance. Contents of H₂O₂ and MDA in fibrous roots were considerably lower than those in leaves and were attenuated by PEN pretreatment. Activities of CAT, SOD, and POX were significantly higher in fibrous roots than in leaves. Among antioxidative enzymes, POX activity in fibrous roots was 600–2000-fold higher than that in leaves. The increase in CAT and SOD activities under the influence of PEN in the fibrous roots is the main reason for the decrease in MDA levels and highlights the important role of this organ in the response to drought stress. A somewhat similar increase in CAT activity was also observed in the leaves under drought conditions due to PEN. Under drought, PEN led to a significant increase in carotenoid content and an elevated ratio of Chl a to Chl b in the leaves. However, in spite of the higher content of non-enzymatic antioxidants in leaves than in fibrous roots, the lower MDA levels in fibrous roots indicated greater efficiency of antioxidative enzymes in controlling membrane lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that PEN can mitigate oxidative damage in saffron under drought conditions by enhancing the activity of SOD (up to 275%) and CAT (up to 189%) and by increasing proline content (up to 50%) in fibrous roots.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03374-0Crocus sativus L.Drought stress mitigationFibrous rootsPenconazoleAntioxidative enzymesNon-enzymatic antioxidants
spellingShingle Minoo Nasiri
Vahid Niknam
Hassan Rahnama
Maryam Rezayian
Sedigheh Ahmadi-Sakha
Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
Scientific Reports
Crocus sativus L.
Drought stress mitigation
Fibrous roots
Penconazole
Antioxidative enzymes
Non-enzymatic antioxidants
title Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
title_full Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
title_fullStr Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
title_full_unstemmed Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
title_short Pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
title_sort pivotal role of fibrous roots in drought tolerance of saffron crocus sativus l and mitigation of oxidative stress by penconazole
topic Crocus sativus L.
Drought stress mitigation
Fibrous roots
Penconazole
Antioxidative enzymes
Non-enzymatic antioxidants
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03374-0
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