Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions
In this paper, we propose an application of fuzzy logic control (FLC) to improve the system performance of free-space optics (FSO) networks using the optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) technique. The primary objective is to dynamically adjust the bit error rate (BER) threshold at the rece...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/495 |
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| author | Hassan Yousif Ahmed Medien Zeghid Akhtar Nawaz Khan Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb |
| author_facet | Hassan Yousif Ahmed Medien Zeghid Akhtar Nawaz Khan Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb |
| author_sort | Hassan Yousif Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we propose an application of fuzzy logic control (FLC) to improve the system performance of free-space optics (FSO) networks using the optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) technique. The primary objective is to dynamically adjust the bit error rate (BER) threshold at the receiver based on weather conditions (i.e., rain and fog) and the propagation distance (which significantly affects the received power). The FLC module at the receiver integrates and processes these variables to optimize the BER threshold. The FLC module operates through an algorithm comprising eight well-defined steps, ensuring robust and adaptive control of the BER. Simulation results show that the FSO-FLC-based system has significant advantages over traditional approaches. For instance, under heavy rain conditions, the FSO-FLC system supports 12 users compared to a traditional system, which supports 7 users without FLC over a distance of 2.8 km with BER <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Similarly, under heavy fog conditions, the FSO-FLC system can support 22 users compared to a traditional system, which supports 18 users without FLC over a distance of 0.5 km with equal BER. These values show that the performance of FSO under weather conditions significantly improves when using the proposed approach. The computational efficiency and real-time feasibility of the FSO-FLC are also analyzed. The complexity of the FLC is O(1), indicating that the execution time remains constant regardless of input size. An Intel Core i7-1165G7 (2.80 GHz) using MATLAB’s fuzzy logic toolbox is used for all experiments. Results show that the proposed FLC executes up to 4 ms per decision cycle, which ensures real-time adaptability for practical FSO communication systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8d5599f53d834a3597ecd90daaf9180c |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj-art-8d5599f53d834a3597ecd90daaf9180c2025-08-20T01:56:41ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-05-0112549510.3390/photonics12050495Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather ConditionsHassan Yousif Ahmed0Medien Zeghid1Akhtar Nawaz Khan2Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb3Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir 11991, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Computer Engineering and Information, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir 11991, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Jalozai Campus, Peshawar 25120, PakistanDepartment of Mechatronics Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria 21311, EgyptIn this paper, we propose an application of fuzzy logic control (FLC) to improve the system performance of free-space optics (FSO) networks using the optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) technique. The primary objective is to dynamically adjust the bit error rate (BER) threshold at the receiver based on weather conditions (i.e., rain and fog) and the propagation distance (which significantly affects the received power). The FLC module at the receiver integrates and processes these variables to optimize the BER threshold. The FLC module operates through an algorithm comprising eight well-defined steps, ensuring robust and adaptive control of the BER. Simulation results show that the FSO-FLC-based system has significant advantages over traditional approaches. For instance, under heavy rain conditions, the FSO-FLC system supports 12 users compared to a traditional system, which supports 7 users without FLC over a distance of 2.8 km with BER <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>. Similarly, under heavy fog conditions, the FSO-FLC system can support 22 users compared to a traditional system, which supports 18 users without FLC over a distance of 0.5 km with equal BER. These values show that the performance of FSO under weather conditions significantly improves when using the proposed approach. The computational efficiency and real-time feasibility of the FSO-FLC are also analyzed. The complexity of the FLC is O(1), indicating that the execution time remains constant regardless of input size. An Intel Core i7-1165G7 (2.80 GHz) using MATLAB’s fuzzy logic toolbox is used for all experiments. Results show that the proposed FLC executes up to 4 ms per decision cycle, which ensures real-time adaptability for practical FSO communication systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/495adaptive thresholdingatmospheric attenuationBERcomputational efficiencyFLCFSO |
| spellingShingle | Hassan Yousif Ahmed Medien Zeghid Akhtar Nawaz Khan Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions Photonics adaptive thresholding atmospheric attenuation BER computational efficiency FLC FSO |
| title | Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions |
| title_full | Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions |
| title_short | Fuzzy Logic-Based Performance Enhancement of FSO Systems Under Adverse Weather Conditions |
| title_sort | fuzzy logic based performance enhancement of fso systems under adverse weather conditions |
| topic | adaptive thresholding atmospheric attenuation BER computational efficiency FLC FSO |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/5/495 |
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