Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors

Abstract Background This study aimed to identify clinical factors and develop a predictive model for pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors...

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Main Authors: Mengzhe Zhang, Meng Yan, Zekun Li, Shuai Jiang, Zuo Liu, Pengpeng Zhang, Zhenfa Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04017-z
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author Mengzhe Zhang
Meng Yan
Zekun Li
Shuai Jiang
Zuo Liu
Pengpeng Zhang
Zhenfa Zhang
author_facet Mengzhe Zhang
Meng Yan
Zekun Li
Shuai Jiang
Zuo Liu
Pengpeng Zhang
Zhenfa Zhang
author_sort Mengzhe Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background This study aimed to identify clinical factors and develop a predictive model for pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods Cases meeting inclusion criteria were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to 75 clinical indicators based on tenfold LASSO selection. Logistic regression was employed to analyze both pCR and MPR. The accuracy of the nomograms was assessed using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC). Results A total of 297 patients from four multiple centers were included in the study, with 212 assigned to the training set and 85 to the testing set. The AUC was determined for the prediction of pCR (training: 0.97; testing: 0.88) and MPR (training: 0.98; testing: 0.81). Significant associations were observed between the preoperative tumor maximum diameter, preoperative tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), changes in tumor SUVmax, percentage of tumor reduction, baseline total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and pathological response (P < 0.001). Conclusions The combined application of clinical indicators including non-invasive tumor imaging and hematology can help clinicians to obtain a higher ability to predict NSCLC patient’s pathological remission, and the effect is better than that of clinical factors alone. These findings could help guide personalized treatment strategies in this patient population. Graphical abstract
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spelling doaj-art-8d4e73ce12df4820b705baff97b0e3cb2025-08-20T03:13:57ZengSpringerCancer Immunology, Immunotherapy1432-08512025-04-0174511210.1007/s00262-025-04017-zMulticenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitorsMengzhe Zhang0Meng Yan1Zekun Li2Shuai Jiang3Zuo Liu4Pengpeng Zhang5Zhenfa Zhang6Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer CenterDepartment of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer CenterDepartment of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerDepartment of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer CenterDepartment of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer CenterDepartment of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer CenterDepartment of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer CenterAbstract Background This study aimed to identify clinical factors and develop a predictive model for pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Methods Cases meeting inclusion criteria were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to 75 clinical indicators based on tenfold LASSO selection. Logistic regression was employed to analyze both pCR and MPR. The accuracy of the nomograms was assessed using the time-dependent area under the curve (AUC). Results A total of 297 patients from four multiple centers were included in the study, with 212 assigned to the training set and 85 to the testing set. The AUC was determined for the prediction of pCR (training: 0.97; testing: 0.88) and MPR (training: 0.98; testing: 0.81). Significant associations were observed between the preoperative tumor maximum diameter, preoperative tumor maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), changes in tumor SUVmax, percentage of tumor reduction, baseline total prostate-specific antigen (TPSA) and pathological response (P < 0.001). Conclusions The combined application of clinical indicators including non-invasive tumor imaging and hematology can help clinicians to obtain a higher ability to predict NSCLC patient’s pathological remission, and the effect is better than that of clinical factors alone. These findings could help guide personalized treatment strategies in this patient population. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04017-zNon-small cell lung cancerPathological complete responseMajor pathological responseImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPrognostic clinical indicatorsTumor imaging biomarkers
spellingShingle Mengzhe Zhang
Meng Yan
Zekun Li
Shuai Jiang
Zuo Liu
Pengpeng Zhang
Zhenfa Zhang
Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
Non-small cell lung cancer
Pathological complete response
Major pathological response
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Prognostic clinical indicators
Tumor imaging biomarkers
title Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_full Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_fullStr Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_full_unstemmed Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_short Multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
title_sort multicenter evaluation of predictive clinical and imaging factors for pathological response in non small cell lung cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors
topic Non-small cell lung cancer
Pathological complete response
Major pathological response
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Prognostic clinical indicators
Tumor imaging biomarkers
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04017-z
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