Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study

Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is essential for food security, providing economic benefits in tropical and subtropical regions. However, its high water requirements pose challenges, especially in water-scarce areas like Cape Verde. This study hypothesises that reclaimed water (RW) irri...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón, Regla Amorós, Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera, Ernestina Lopes da Veiga, Maria del Pino Palacios-Díaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Agronomy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2726
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850149532460908544
author Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón
Regla Amorós
Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera
Ernestina Lopes da Veiga
Maria del Pino Palacios-Díaz
author_facet Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón
Regla Amorós
Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera
Ernestina Lopes da Veiga
Maria del Pino Palacios-Díaz
author_sort Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón
collection DOAJ
description Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is essential for food security, providing economic benefits in tropical and subtropical regions. However, its high water requirements pose challenges, especially in water-scarce areas like Cape Verde. This study hypothesises that reclaimed water (RW) irrigation can promote papaya production and investigates how water can be managed to ensure sustainability and increase agricultural productivity. An experiment was conducted using <i>Carica papaya</i> L. var Solo-nº8, focusing on subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with RW. Three irrigation treatments were compared, namely, T1: RW with SDI; T2: RW with drip irrigation (DI); and T3: conventional water (CW) with SDI. The study evaluated crop yields and water use efficiency (WUE) over 13 months, monitoring soil and water quality and papaya growth and yields. Despite quality concerns, RW maintained soil fertility and ensured sustainable reuse. Papaya demonstrated high adaptability and productivity under experimental conditions. T1 significantly increased the cumulative fruit yield (69 t/ha) compared to T2 (65 t/ha) and T3 (62.7 t/ha). T1 also had the highest WUE (5.97 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), demonstrating the effectiveness of RW and SDI in optimising water use. The results indicate that RW can be a viable alternative to conventional water sources, providing new insights into sustainable agricultural practices and improving food security in arid and semi-arid regions.
format Article
id doaj-art-8d4e511df3a3409984db68cd28f019c0
institution OA Journals
issn 2073-4395
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Agronomy
spelling doaj-art-8d4e511df3a3409984db68cd28f019c02025-08-20T02:26:52ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-11-011411272610.3390/agronomy14112726Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case StudyVanessa Mendoza-Grimón0Regla Amorós1Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera2Ernestina Lopes da Veiga3Maria del Pino Palacios-Díaz4Instituto de Investigación IUNAT, Grupo GEOVOL, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA), São Jorge dos Orgaos 84, Cape VerdeLaboratorio Agroalimentario y Fitopatológico del Cabildo de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, SpainMinisterio de Agricultura y Ambiente de Cabo Verde, R. António Mena, CP.115, Praia 7600, Cape VerdeInstituto Nacional de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário (INIDA), São Jorge dos Orgaos 84, Cape VerdePapaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) is essential for food security, providing economic benefits in tropical and subtropical regions. However, its high water requirements pose challenges, especially in water-scarce areas like Cape Verde. This study hypothesises that reclaimed water (RW) irrigation can promote papaya production and investigates how water can be managed to ensure sustainability and increase agricultural productivity. An experiment was conducted using <i>Carica papaya</i> L. var Solo-nº8, focusing on subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) with RW. Three irrigation treatments were compared, namely, T1: RW with SDI; T2: RW with drip irrigation (DI); and T3: conventional water (CW) with SDI. The study evaluated crop yields and water use efficiency (WUE) over 13 months, monitoring soil and water quality and papaya growth and yields. Despite quality concerns, RW maintained soil fertility and ensured sustainable reuse. Papaya demonstrated high adaptability and productivity under experimental conditions. T1 significantly increased the cumulative fruit yield (69 t/ha) compared to T2 (65 t/ha) and T3 (62.7 t/ha). T1 also had the highest WUE (5.97 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), demonstrating the effectiveness of RW and SDI in optimising water use. The results indicate that RW can be a viable alternative to conventional water sources, providing new insights into sustainable agricultural practices and improving food security in arid and semi-arid regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2726water managementyieldsubsurface drip irrigationsustainable food productionwater use efficiencyrecycled water
spellingShingle Vanessa Mendoza-Grimón
Regla Amorós
Juan Ramón Fernández-Vera
Ernestina Lopes da Veiga
Maria del Pino Palacios-Díaz
Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study
Agronomy
water management
yield
subsurface drip irrigation
sustainable food production
water use efficiency
recycled water
title Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study
title_full Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study
title_fullStr Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study
title_full_unstemmed Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study
title_short Utilising Reclaimed Water for Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.) Cultivation in Cape Verde: A Detailed Case Study
title_sort utilising reclaimed water for papaya i carica papaya i l cultivation in cape verde a detailed case study
topic water management
yield
subsurface drip irrigation
sustainable food production
water use efficiency
recycled water
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/11/2726
work_keys_str_mv AT vanessamendozagrimon utilisingreclaimedwaterforpapayaicaricapapayailcultivationincapeverdeadetailedcasestudy
AT reglaamoros utilisingreclaimedwaterforpapayaicaricapapayailcultivationincapeverdeadetailedcasestudy
AT juanramonfernandezvera utilisingreclaimedwaterforpapayaicaricapapayailcultivationincapeverdeadetailedcasestudy
AT ernestinalopesdaveiga utilisingreclaimedwaterforpapayaicaricapapayailcultivationincapeverdeadetailedcasestudy
AT mariadelpinopalaciosdiaz utilisingreclaimedwaterforpapayaicaricapapayailcultivationincapeverdeadetailedcasestudy