Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation

Parasite monitoring is considered an important issue for wildlife conservation as well as for veterinary and public health. In Italy, data on endoparasites of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) are still limited. A copro-microscopical study was performed to investigate endoparasites of grey wolf communitie...

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Main Authors: Salvatore Andrea Cafiero, Luca Petroni, Luca Natucci, Luigi Casale, Marta Raffaelli, Debora Baldacci, Alessia Di Rosso, Chiara Rossi, Adriano Casulli, Alessandro Massolo, Heidi Christine Hauffe, Stefania Perrucci
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425000574
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author Salvatore Andrea Cafiero
Luca Petroni
Luca Natucci
Luigi Casale
Marta Raffaelli
Debora Baldacci
Alessia Di Rosso
Chiara Rossi
Adriano Casulli
Alessandro Massolo
Heidi Christine Hauffe
Stefania Perrucci
author_facet Salvatore Andrea Cafiero
Luca Petroni
Luca Natucci
Luigi Casale
Marta Raffaelli
Debora Baldacci
Alessia Di Rosso
Chiara Rossi
Adriano Casulli
Alessandro Massolo
Heidi Christine Hauffe
Stefania Perrucci
author_sort Salvatore Andrea Cafiero
collection DOAJ
description Parasite monitoring is considered an important issue for wildlife conservation as well as for veterinary and public health. In Italy, data on endoparasites of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) are still limited. A copro-microscopical study was performed to investigate endoparasites of grey wolf communities in three Apennine natural reserves and a hilly area in northern Tuscany, central Italy. A total of 66 fresh faecal samples were collected and examined using the Mini-FLOTAC technique with a high-density flotation solution. Apparent prevalence and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each parasite taxon, while true parasite prevalence rates were assessed for individual wolves identified after molecular analyses in one of the three natural areas (Apuan Alps Regional Park, AARP). Overall, a high prevalence of endoparasites was estimated (92.4 %, 95 % CI 83.2–97.5), and most samples were found positive for respiratory capillariids (81.8 %), i.e., Eucoleus boehmi (66.7 %) and Eucoleus aerophilus (31.8 %), Sarcocystis spp. (36.4 %) and hookworms (21.2 %). Physaloptera spp. (7.6 %), Toxocara canis (1.5 %), Spirocerca lupi (1.5 %) Crenosoma vulpis (1.5 %), Angiostrongylus vasorum (1.5 %), Opistorchis felineus (3 %), Alaria alata (1.5 %), Taeniids (12.1 %), and Cystoisospora spp. (6.1 %) were also identified. Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs and Demodex spp. mites were detected in few samples. No significant differences emerged between faecal and population prevalence for any of the parasite species identified in AARP. Findings from this study add new information on grey wolf endoparasite infections in Italy and confirm the high prevalence of respiratory capillariids circulating among wild canids in Europe. Our results highlight the important role grey wolves may play in the transmission of these capillariid species between wild and domestic canids as well as of potentially zoonotic parasites in examined areas. Moreover, some endoparasites identified in this study may negatively affect the health of infected wolves.
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spelling doaj-art-8d48bda96470442b81d1906368dcbdb52025-08-20T03:02:30ZengElsevierInternational Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife2213-22442025-08-012710109210.1016/j.ijppaw.2025.101092Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigationSalvatore Andrea Cafiero0Luca Petroni1Luca Natucci2Luigi Casale3Marta Raffaelli4Debora Baldacci5Alessia Di Rosso6Chiara Rossi7Adriano Casulli8Alessandro Massolo9Heidi Christine Hauffe10Stefania Perrucci11Ethology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyEthology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyEthology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyConservation Genomics Research Unit, Centre for Research and Innovation, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All’Adige, Italy; Unit for Conservation Genetics (BIO-CGE), Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Ozzano dell’Emilia, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyConservation Genomics Research Unit, Centre for Research and Innovation, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All’Adige, ItalyEuropean Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURL-P), Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (One Health). Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, ItalyEthology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249), CNRS, Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, F-25000 Besançon, FranceConservation Genomics Research Unit, Centre for Research and Innovation, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele All’Adige, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre (NBFC), Palermo, Italy; Corresponding author. Conservation Genomics Research Unit, Centre for Research and Innovation, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, San Michele All’Adige, 38098, Italy.Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge n.2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.Parasite monitoring is considered an important issue for wildlife conservation as well as for veterinary and public health. In Italy, data on endoparasites of the grey wolf (Canis lupus) are still limited. A copro-microscopical study was performed to investigate endoparasites of grey wolf communities in three Apennine natural reserves and a hilly area in northern Tuscany, central Italy. A total of 66 fresh faecal samples were collected and examined using the Mini-FLOTAC technique with a high-density flotation solution. Apparent prevalence and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for each parasite taxon, while true parasite prevalence rates were assessed for individual wolves identified after molecular analyses in one of the three natural areas (Apuan Alps Regional Park, AARP). Overall, a high prevalence of endoparasites was estimated (92.4 %, 95 % CI 83.2–97.5), and most samples were found positive for respiratory capillariids (81.8 %), i.e., Eucoleus boehmi (66.7 %) and Eucoleus aerophilus (31.8 %), Sarcocystis spp. (36.4 %) and hookworms (21.2 %). Physaloptera spp. (7.6 %), Toxocara canis (1.5 %), Spirocerca lupi (1.5 %) Crenosoma vulpis (1.5 %), Angiostrongylus vasorum (1.5 %), Opistorchis felineus (3 %), Alaria alata (1.5 %), Taeniids (12.1 %), and Cystoisospora spp. (6.1 %) were also identified. Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs and Demodex spp. mites were detected in few samples. No significant differences emerged between faecal and population prevalence for any of the parasite species identified in AARP. Findings from this study add new information on grey wolf endoparasite infections in Italy and confirm the high prevalence of respiratory capillariids circulating among wild canids in Europe. Our results highlight the important role grey wolves may play in the transmission of these capillariid species between wild and domestic canids as well as of potentially zoonotic parasites in examined areas. Moreover, some endoparasites identified in this study may negatively affect the health of infected wolves.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425000574WolfHelminthsProtozoaZoonosisFaecal analysis
spellingShingle Salvatore Andrea Cafiero
Luca Petroni
Luca Natucci
Luigi Casale
Marta Raffaelli
Debora Baldacci
Alessia Di Rosso
Chiara Rossi
Adriano Casulli
Alessandro Massolo
Heidi Christine Hauffe
Stefania Perrucci
Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation
International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife
Wolf
Helminths
Protozoa
Zoonosis
Faecal analysis
title Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation
title_full Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation
title_fullStr Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation
title_full_unstemmed Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation
title_short Parasite diversity in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Tuscany, central Italy: a copromicroscopical investigation
title_sort parasite diversity in grey wolves canis lupus from tuscany central italy a copromicroscopical investigation
topic Wolf
Helminths
Protozoa
Zoonosis
Faecal analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213224425000574
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