Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage

Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses significant disability and mortality risks and perihematomal edema (PHE) plays a crucial role in ICH prognosis. The ApoE-ε4 allele has been implicated in exacerbating PHE and influencing neurological recovery post-ICH, yet, this specific association has...

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Main Authors: Lei Huang, Qian Wu, Fei Ye, Wei Che, Xu Zhao, ChaoZhen Yang, Siying Ren, Guofeng Wu, Likun Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89868-3
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author Lei Huang
Qian Wu
Fei Ye
Wei Che
Xu Zhao
ChaoZhen Yang
Siying Ren
Guofeng Wu
Likun Wang
author_facet Lei Huang
Qian Wu
Fei Ye
Wei Che
Xu Zhao
ChaoZhen Yang
Siying Ren
Guofeng Wu
Likun Wang
author_sort Lei Huang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses significant disability and mortality risks and perihematomal edema (PHE) plays a crucial role in ICH prognosis. The ApoE-ε4 allele has been implicated in exacerbating PHE and influencing neurological recovery post-ICH, yet, this specific association has not been explored much. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ApoE-ε4 allele, PHE, and clinical prognosis in patients with ICH. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023. We enrolled patients with supratentorial ICH patients and analyzed ApoE gene alleles, clinical baseline data, blood biochemical indices, and imaging findings. We considered ApoE-ε4 carrier status as an exposure variable and compared PHE volumes between ApoE-ε3 (ε3/ε3) and ApoE-ε4 (ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) carriers. We also compared clinical and imaging characteristics between the good prognosis group (modified Rankin score 0–3) and the poor prognosis group (modified Rankin score 4–6). Finally, we examined the association between ApoEε4 and PHE volume and poor prognosis at discharge. Among 153 patients, 63 (41%) carried ApoE-ε4. ApoE-ε4 carriers had significantly higher PHE volumes at 24 h and on days 5–7 compared to ApoE-ε3 carriers. The poor prognosis group had a higher proportion of ApoE-ε4 carriers (53.9% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.001) and increased PHE volumes. ApoE-ε4 (OR 2.438, p = 0.02) and PHE (OR 1.048, p = 0.015) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. The area under the curve for ApoE-ε4 was 0.627, and for PHE volume, it was 0.698. The ICH patients carrying the ApoE-ε4 allele show severe PHE and poorer outcomes. Carrying ApoE-ε4 gene is an independent predictor for poor outcomes in patients with ICH. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05687201. Registered June 1, 2023, Effect of Apolipoprotein E on the Prognosis of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov “prospective registered”.
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spelling doaj-art-8d435fa1485d4bc38ea1adabbafef1f92025-08-20T03:10:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-89868-3Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhageLei Huang0Qian Wu1Fei Ye2Wei Che3Xu Zhao4ChaoZhen Yang5Siying Ren6Guofeng Wu7Likun Wang8The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityEmergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityAbstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) poses significant disability and mortality risks and perihematomal edema (PHE) plays a crucial role in ICH prognosis. The ApoE-ε4 allele has been implicated in exacerbating PHE and influencing neurological recovery post-ICH, yet, this specific association has not been explored much. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ApoE-ε4 allele, PHE, and clinical prognosis in patients with ICH. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2023. We enrolled patients with supratentorial ICH patients and analyzed ApoE gene alleles, clinical baseline data, blood biochemical indices, and imaging findings. We considered ApoE-ε4 carrier status as an exposure variable and compared PHE volumes between ApoE-ε3 (ε3/ε3) and ApoE-ε4 (ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) carriers. We also compared clinical and imaging characteristics between the good prognosis group (modified Rankin score 0–3) and the poor prognosis group (modified Rankin score 4–6). Finally, we examined the association between ApoEε4 and PHE volume and poor prognosis at discharge. Among 153 patients, 63 (41%) carried ApoE-ε4. ApoE-ε4 carriers had significantly higher PHE volumes at 24 h and on days 5–7 compared to ApoE-ε3 carriers. The poor prognosis group had a higher proportion of ApoE-ε4 carriers (53.9% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.001) and increased PHE volumes. ApoE-ε4 (OR 2.438, p = 0.02) and PHE (OR 1.048, p = 0.015) were independent predictors of poor prognosis. The area under the curve for ApoE-ε4 was 0.627, and for PHE volume, it was 0.698. The ICH patients carrying the ApoE-ε4 allele show severe PHE and poorer outcomes. Carrying ApoE-ε4 gene is an independent predictor for poor outcomes in patients with ICH. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05687201. Registered June 1, 2023, Effect of Apolipoprotein E on the Prognosis of Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov “prospective registered”.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89868-3Apolipoprotein E genePerihematomal edemaOutcomeIntracerebral hemorrhage
spellingShingle Lei Huang
Qian Wu
Fei Ye
Wei Che
Xu Zhao
ChaoZhen Yang
Siying Ren
Guofeng Wu
Likun Wang
Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Scientific Reports
Apolipoprotein E gene
Perihematomal edema
Outcome
Intracerebral hemorrhage
title Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
title_full Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
title_fullStr Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
title_full_unstemmed Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
title_short Apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
title_sort apolipoprotein e ε4 allele is associated with perihematomal brain edema and poor outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
topic Apolipoprotein E gene
Perihematomal edema
Outcome
Intracerebral hemorrhage
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89868-3
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