PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), recognized as teratogenic and carcinogenic pollutants, exhibit moderate-to-high acute toxicity and long-term detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. However, conventional monitoring methods often fail to detect early-stage sublethal impacts of PAHs...

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Main Authors: Meng Chen, Senmei He, Zongming Ren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15368-z
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author Meng Chen
Senmei He
Zongming Ren
author_facet Meng Chen
Senmei He
Zongming Ren
author_sort Meng Chen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), recognized as teratogenic and carcinogenic pollutants, exhibit moderate-to-high acute toxicity and long-term detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. However, conventional monitoring methods often fail to detect early-stage sublethal impacts of PAHs, potentially due to limited disruption of intrinsic circadian rhythms during initial exposure periods. To investigate the physiological responses of aquatic species to PAHs, we employed real-time biomonitoring to evaluate metabolic alterations in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio), including oxygen consumption rate (OR), carbon dioxide excretion rate (CR), ammonia-nitrogen excretion rate (AE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and ammonia quotient (AQ), alongside their circadian rhythmicity under PAH exposure. Two representative PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr), were tested at 10%×LC50(96 h) concentrations (Phe: 102 µg/mL; Pyr: 70.6 µg/mL) over a 7-day exposure period. Comparative analysis revealed significant PAH-induced suppression of OR and CR, while AE was markedly enhanced, resulting in elevated RQ and AQ. Despite these metabolic responses, circadian rhythms remained intact across all parameters. These findings indicate that PAHs induce transient metabolic dysregulation without perturbing core circadian mechanisms, highlighting the feasibility of zebrafish metabolic profiling as a sensitive tool for aquatic PAH monitoring.
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spelling doaj-art-8d334c0b082f45ac80bdada15020ebee2025-08-24T11:17:58ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-15368-zPAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillanceMeng Chen0Senmei He1Zongming Ren2College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal UniversityCollege of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal UniversityCollege of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal UniversityAbstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), recognized as teratogenic and carcinogenic pollutants, exhibit moderate-to-high acute toxicity and long-term detrimental effects on aquatic organisms. However, conventional monitoring methods often fail to detect early-stage sublethal impacts of PAHs, potentially due to limited disruption of intrinsic circadian rhythms during initial exposure periods. To investigate the physiological responses of aquatic species to PAHs, we employed real-time biomonitoring to evaluate metabolic alterations in juvenile zebrafish (Danio rerio), including oxygen consumption rate (OR), carbon dioxide excretion rate (CR), ammonia-nitrogen excretion rate (AE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and ammonia quotient (AQ), alongside their circadian rhythmicity under PAH exposure. Two representative PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) and pyrene (Pyr), were tested at 10%×LC50(96 h) concentrations (Phe: 102 µg/mL; Pyr: 70.6 µg/mL) over a 7-day exposure period. Comparative analysis revealed significant PAH-induced suppression of OR and CR, while AE was markedly enhanced, resulting in elevated RQ and AQ. Despite these metabolic responses, circadian rhythms remained intact across all parameters. These findings indicate that PAHs induce transient metabolic dysregulation without perturbing core circadian mechanisms, highlighting the feasibility of zebrafish metabolic profiling as a sensitive tool for aquatic PAH monitoring.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15368-zMetabolismPhenanthrenePyreneReal-time biomonitoring
spellingShingle Meng Chen
Senmei He
Zongming Ren
PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
Scientific Reports
Metabolism
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Real-time biomonitoring
title PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
title_full PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
title_fullStr PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
title_full_unstemmed PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
title_short PAHs-induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish: a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
title_sort pahs induced metabolic aberrations and intact circadian rhythms in zebrafish a promising approach for aquatic surveillance
topic Metabolism
Phenanthrene
Pyrene
Real-time biomonitoring
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15368-z
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AT senmeihe pahsinducedmetabolicaberrationsandintactcircadianrhythmsinzebrafishapromisingapproachforaquaticsurveillance
AT zongmingren pahsinducedmetabolicaberrationsandintactcircadianrhythmsinzebrafishapromisingapproachforaquaticsurveillance