Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic
ObjectiveThe study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with disease severity across six waves of COVID-19 in the pediatric population in Mexico.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, covering the period from March 2020 to Mar...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2024.1440107/full |
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| author | Isamu Daniel Takane-Cabrera Fanny Yasmin Ortega-Vargas Ilen Adriana Díaz-Torres Aldo Agustin Herrera-González Antonio R. Villa Miguel Leonardo García-León Patricia Bautista-Carbajal Miguel A. Pérez-Sastre Luis Alberto Cortazar-Maldonado Jorge Baruch Díaz-Ramírez Rosa Maria Wong-Chew |
| author_facet | Isamu Daniel Takane-Cabrera Fanny Yasmin Ortega-Vargas Ilen Adriana Díaz-Torres Aldo Agustin Herrera-González Antonio R. Villa Miguel Leonardo García-León Patricia Bautista-Carbajal Miguel A. Pérez-Sastre Luis Alberto Cortazar-Maldonado Jorge Baruch Díaz-Ramírez Rosa Maria Wong-Chew |
| author_sort | Isamu Daniel Takane-Cabrera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveThe study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with disease severity across six waves of COVID-19 in the pediatric population in Mexico.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, covering the period from March 2020 to March 2023. The dataset included patients under 18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine demographic and clinical characteristics, mortality across waves, and age group distributions.ResultsOf the total cohort, 9.5% were children, with 497,428 confirmed cases. Among these, 50% were male, 4.4% required hospitalization, and there were 1,447 (0.03%) deaths. The highest prevalence was observed in the 12–17-year age group (52%), followed by the 5–11-year age group (32%), with incidence rates peaking towards the end of 2021 and the early 2022. Although the 0–2-year age group represented 9.6% of cases, it had higher hospitalization (40%), ICU admission (58%), and case fatality rate (CFR) (44%). Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and immunosuppression were identified as risk factors for severe outcomes. The initial wave displayed the highest CFR (OR 5.28) especially in children aged 0–2 years.ConclusionsChildren were less affected during the pandemic compared to adults; however, children under two years-old experienced more severe outcomes. Currently, with 95% of the population estimated to be immune due to vaccination and/or prior infection, children under 2 years of age are now at higher risk of severe disease and should be evaluated for vaccination as a public health policy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8d2bef17dd02429bbffa4dbc4bcce2ba |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-8d2bef17dd02429bbffa4dbc4bcce2ba2025-01-07T04:11:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-01-011210.3389/fped.2024.14401071440107Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemicIsamu Daniel Takane-Cabrera0Fanny Yasmin Ortega-Vargas1Ilen Adriana Díaz-Torres2Aldo Agustin Herrera-González3Antonio R. Villa4Miguel Leonardo García-León5Patricia Bautista-Carbajal6Miguel A. Pérez-Sastre7Luis Alberto Cortazar-Maldonado8Jorge Baruch Díaz-Ramírez9Rosa Maria Wong-Chew10Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoTraveler’s Preventive Clinic, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoTraveler’s Preventive Clinic, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoInfectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, MexicoObjectiveThe study aimed to describe the characteristics and risk factors associated with disease severity across six waves of COVID-19 in the pediatric population in Mexico.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using data from the Mexican Ministry of Health, covering the period from March 2020 to March 2023. The dataset included patients under 18 years of age with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine demographic and clinical characteristics, mortality across waves, and age group distributions.ResultsOf the total cohort, 9.5% were children, with 497,428 confirmed cases. Among these, 50% were male, 4.4% required hospitalization, and there were 1,447 (0.03%) deaths. The highest prevalence was observed in the 12–17-year age group (52%), followed by the 5–11-year age group (32%), with incidence rates peaking towards the end of 2021 and the early 2022. Although the 0–2-year age group represented 9.6% of cases, it had higher hospitalization (40%), ICU admission (58%), and case fatality rate (CFR) (44%). Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes and immunosuppression were identified as risk factors for severe outcomes. The initial wave displayed the highest CFR (OR 5.28) especially in children aged 0–2 years.ConclusionsChildren were less affected during the pandemic compared to adults; however, children under two years-old experienced more severe outcomes. Currently, with 95% of the population estimated to be immune due to vaccination and/or prior infection, children under 2 years of age are now at higher risk of severe disease and should be evaluated for vaccination as a public health policy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2024.1440107/fullCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2childrenMexicopandemicincidence |
| spellingShingle | Isamu Daniel Takane-Cabrera Fanny Yasmin Ortega-Vargas Ilen Adriana Díaz-Torres Aldo Agustin Herrera-González Antonio R. Villa Miguel Leonardo García-León Patricia Bautista-Carbajal Miguel A. Pérez-Sastre Luis Alberto Cortazar-Maldonado Jorge Baruch Díaz-Ramírez Rosa Maria Wong-Chew Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic Frontiers in Pediatrics COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 children Mexico pandemic incidence |
| title | Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic |
| title_full | Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic |
| title_short | Epidemiological characterization of COVID-19 in children under 18 years old in Mexico: an analysis of the pandemic |
| title_sort | epidemiological characterization of covid 19 in children under 18 years old in mexico an analysis of the pandemic |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 children Mexico pandemic incidence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2024.1440107/full |
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