Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a solid-state spin defect that has been widely adopted for quantum sensing and quantum information processing applications. Typically, experiments are performed either with a single isolated NV center or with an unresolved ensemble of many NV centers, r...

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Main Authors: Matthew Cambria, Saroj Chand, Caitlin Mary Reiter, Shimon Kolkowitz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-07-01
Series:Physical Review X
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/jdzq-jbfz
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author Matthew Cambria
Saroj Chand
Caitlin Mary Reiter
Shimon Kolkowitz
author_facet Matthew Cambria
Saroj Chand
Caitlin Mary Reiter
Shimon Kolkowitz
author_sort Matthew Cambria
collection DOAJ
description The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a solid-state spin defect that has been widely adopted for quantum sensing and quantum information processing applications. Typically, experiments are performed either with a single isolated NV center or with an unresolved ensemble of many NV centers, resulting in a trade-off between measurement speed and spatial resolution or control over individual defects. In this work, we introduce an experimental platform that bypasses this trade-off by addressing multiple optically resolved NV centers in parallel. We perform charge- and spin-state manipulations selectively on multiple NV centers from within a larger set, and we manipulate and measure the electronic spin states of over 100 NV centers in parallel. We show that the high signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements enables the detection of shot-to-shot pairwise correlations between the spin states of 108 NV centers, corresponding to the simultaneous measurement of 5778 unique correlation coefficients. We discuss how our platform can be scaled to parallel experiments with thousands of individually resolved NV centers. These results enable parallelized high-throughput sensing experiments that retain the spatial resolution of single defects and will, thereby, help to unlock advances in applications such as single-molecule NMR and characterization of integrated circuits. In addition, our approach to multiplexing provides a natural platform for the application of recently developed correlated sensing techniques.
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spelling doaj-art-8d2796ec048f4cb5ab2b77fadc0e08b62025-08-20T03:11:36ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPhysical Review X2160-33082025-07-0115303101510.1103/jdzq-jbfzScalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy CentersMatthew CambriaSaroj ChandCaitlin Mary ReiterShimon KolkowitzThe nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a solid-state spin defect that has been widely adopted for quantum sensing and quantum information processing applications. Typically, experiments are performed either with a single isolated NV center or with an unresolved ensemble of many NV centers, resulting in a trade-off between measurement speed and spatial resolution or control over individual defects. In this work, we introduce an experimental platform that bypasses this trade-off by addressing multiple optically resolved NV centers in parallel. We perform charge- and spin-state manipulations selectively on multiple NV centers from within a larger set, and we manipulate and measure the electronic spin states of over 100 NV centers in parallel. We show that the high signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements enables the detection of shot-to-shot pairwise correlations between the spin states of 108 NV centers, corresponding to the simultaneous measurement of 5778 unique correlation coefficients. We discuss how our platform can be scaled to parallel experiments with thousands of individually resolved NV centers. These results enable parallelized high-throughput sensing experiments that retain the spatial resolution of single defects and will, thereby, help to unlock advances in applications such as single-molecule NMR and characterization of integrated circuits. In addition, our approach to multiplexing provides a natural platform for the application of recently developed correlated sensing techniques.http://doi.org/10.1103/jdzq-jbfz
spellingShingle Matthew Cambria
Saroj Chand
Caitlin Mary Reiter
Shimon Kolkowitz
Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
Physical Review X
title Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
title_full Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
title_fullStr Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
title_full_unstemmed Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
title_short Scalable Parallel Measurement of Individual Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
title_sort scalable parallel measurement of individual nitrogen vacancy centers
url http://doi.org/10.1103/jdzq-jbfz
work_keys_str_mv AT matthewcambria scalableparallelmeasurementofindividualnitrogenvacancycenters
AT sarojchand scalableparallelmeasurementofindividualnitrogenvacancycenters
AT caitlinmaryreiter scalableparallelmeasurementofindividualnitrogenvacancycenters
AT shimonkolkowitz scalableparallelmeasurementofindividualnitrogenvacancycenters