Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag
The development of fully solid waste-based concrete offers a promising sustainable solution to reduce environmental impact and conserve natural resources. However, its durability under aggressive environmental conditions remains a major concern limiting wider application. This study systematically e...
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Elsevier
2025-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425018642 |
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| author | Xiao Huang Junming Liao Jinfang Zhang Yingfu Wang Qingge Feng |
| author_facet | Xiao Huang Junming Liao Jinfang Zhang Yingfu Wang Qingge Feng |
| author_sort | Xiao Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of fully solid waste-based concrete offers a promising sustainable solution to reduce environmental impact and conserve natural resources. However, its durability under aggressive environmental conditions remains a major concern limiting wider application. This study systematically evaluates the durability performance of ultrafine solid waste-based concrete (UFBC) composed of ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag, focusing on sulfate attack, carbonation, chloride penetration, and freeze-thaw resistance. Experimental results indicate that after 250 freeze-thaw cycles, UFBC maintains a relative dynamic modulus above 75 % and mass loss below 5 %, outperforming Portland cement-based concrete (PCBC) and unground solid waste-based concrete (UBC), which failed after 150 cycles. Sulfate corrosion in UFBC primarily produces needle-like ettringite (AFt), causing less microstructural damage than the gypsum crystals formed in PCBC and UBC. UFBC exhibits significantly lower electric flux values (around 770–860 C) and water absorption rates compared to PCBC and UBC, attributable to a dense pore structure and enhanced formation of aluminate hydration products, which effectively hinder chloride migration. Despite lower alkalinity, UFBC's carbonation depth after 28 days (as low as 0.32 cm) closely matches that of PCBC and is substantially lower than UBC. These findings demonstrate that ultrafine grinding of solid wastes significantly enhances hydration and pore refinement, resulting in concrete with superior durability and environmental benefits. This work provides critical insights for the design of high-performance, sustainable concrete for service in aggressive environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8d237f6e9c8c48bdb311b1bda6aaa282 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8d237f6e9c8c48bdb311b1bda6aaa2822025-08-20T02:48:10ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-09-0138496110.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.206Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slagXiao Huang0Junming Liao1Jinfang Zhang2Yingfu Wang3Qingge Feng4School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, ChinaSchool of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, ChinaSchool of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, ChinaShanghai Transportation Construction General Contracting Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200002, China; Corresponding author. Shanghai Transportation Construction General Contracting Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 200002, ChinaSchool of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection (Guangxi University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530004, China; Corresponding author. School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.The development of fully solid waste-based concrete offers a promising sustainable solution to reduce environmental impact and conserve natural resources. However, its durability under aggressive environmental conditions remains a major concern limiting wider application. This study systematically evaluates the durability performance of ultrafine solid waste-based concrete (UFBC) composed of ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag, focusing on sulfate attack, carbonation, chloride penetration, and freeze-thaw resistance. Experimental results indicate that after 250 freeze-thaw cycles, UFBC maintains a relative dynamic modulus above 75 % and mass loss below 5 %, outperforming Portland cement-based concrete (PCBC) and unground solid waste-based concrete (UBC), which failed after 150 cycles. Sulfate corrosion in UFBC primarily produces needle-like ettringite (AFt), causing less microstructural damage than the gypsum crystals formed in PCBC and UBC. UFBC exhibits significantly lower electric flux values (around 770–860 C) and water absorption rates compared to PCBC and UBC, attributable to a dense pore structure and enhanced formation of aluminate hydration products, which effectively hinder chloride migration. Despite lower alkalinity, UFBC's carbonation depth after 28 days (as low as 0.32 cm) closely matches that of PCBC and is substantially lower than UBC. These findings demonstrate that ultrafine grinding of solid wastes significantly enhances hydration and pore refinement, resulting in concrete with superior durability and environmental benefits. This work provides critical insights for the design of high-performance, sustainable concrete for service in aggressive environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425018642Ultrafine solid wasteConcreteSulfate attackCarbonationChloride penetrationFreeze-thaw resistance |
| spellingShingle | Xiao Huang Junming Liao Jinfang Zhang Yingfu Wang Qingge Feng Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag Journal of Materials Research and Technology Ultrafine solid waste Concrete Sulfate attack Carbonation Chloride penetration Freeze-thaw resistance |
| title | Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag |
| title_full | Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag |
| title_fullStr | Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag |
| title_short | Insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag, phosphogypsum, and steel slag |
| title_sort | insight into the durability of concrete based on ultrafine ground granulated blast furnace slag phosphogypsum and steel slag |
| topic | Ultrafine solid waste Concrete Sulfate attack Carbonation Chloride penetration Freeze-thaw resistance |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425018642 |
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