Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, yet current treatments benefit only a subset of patients. To identify new potential treatment targets, we conducted the first proteome wide association study (PWAS) for 26 CVDs using plasma proteomics data f...

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Main Authors: Jia-Hao Wang, Shan-Shan Dong, Wei Huang, Hao-An Wang, Shao-Shan Liu, Xiaoyi Ma, Ren-Jie Zhu, Wei Shi, Hao Wu, Ke Yu, Tian-Pei Zhang, Cong-Ru Wang, Yan Guo, Hanzhong Xue, Tie-Lin Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Cardiovascular Diabetology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02847-w
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author Jia-Hao Wang
Shan-Shan Dong
Wei Huang
Hao-An Wang
Shao-Shan Liu
Xiaoyi Ma
Ren-Jie Zhu
Wei Shi
Hao Wu
Ke Yu
Tian-Pei Zhang
Cong-Ru Wang
Yan Guo
Hanzhong Xue
Tie-Lin Yang
author_facet Jia-Hao Wang
Shan-Shan Dong
Wei Huang
Hao-An Wang
Shao-Shan Liu
Xiaoyi Ma
Ren-Jie Zhu
Wei Shi
Hao Wu
Ke Yu
Tian-Pei Zhang
Cong-Ru Wang
Yan Guo
Hanzhong Xue
Tie-Lin Yang
author_sort Jia-Hao Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, yet current treatments benefit only a subset of patients. To identify new potential treatment targets, we conducted the first proteome wide association study (PWAS) for 26 CVDs using plasma proteomics data from the largest cohort to date (53,022 individuals in the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP)). Methods and results We calculated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-protein weights using the UKB-PPP dataset and integrated these weights with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 26 CVDs across three categories (16 cardiac, 5 venous, and 5 cerebrovascular diseases) in up to 1,308,460 individuals. PWAS was performed using the Functional Summary-based Imputation (FUSION) framework to identify protein-disease associations. Replication was conducted in two independent human plasma proteomic datasets (comprising 7213 and 3301 participants, respectively). We identified 155 proteins associated with CVDs and further Mendelian randomization analysis revealed 72 proteins with evidence of a causal association. Of these, 26 out of 35 available proteins were validated. Notably, 33 of the 72 proteins were not previously implicated in GWAS of CVDs. For example, PROC was found to be associated with venous thromboembolism (P = 6.32 × 10–7). We further conducted longitudinal analyses using plasma proteomics data and peripheral blood mononuclear cells single cell RNA-seq data. The results showed that 90.63% (29/32) of the detected proteins exhibited stable plasma expression, and 18 genes displayed stable expression in at least one cell type, particularly in CD14+ monocytes. We also utilized these proteins to construct disease diagnostic models, and notably, models for 14 out of 18 diseases achieved an area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.8, indicating promising diagnostic potential. Conclusions We identified 72 proteins that causally influence CVD risk, providing new mechanistic insights into CVD and may prove to be promising targets as CVD therapeutics. Graphical abstract
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series Cardiovascular Diabetology
spelling doaj-art-8d1dd8d18f084ff9868a9b34e76519432025-08-20T03:04:14ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402025-08-0124111510.1186/s12933-025-02847-wBlood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseasesJia-Hao Wang0Shan-Shan Dong1Wei Huang2Hao-An Wang3Shao-Shan Liu4Xiaoyi Ma5Ren-Jie Zhu6Wei Shi7Hao Wu8Ke Yu9Tian-Pei Zhang10Cong-Ru Wang11Yan Guo12Hanzhong Xue13Tie-Lin Yang14Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, The State University of New York at BuffaloKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Trauma Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityKey Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biology Multiomics and Diseases in Shaanxi Province Higher Education Institutions, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of global mortality, yet current treatments benefit only a subset of patients. To identify new potential treatment targets, we conducted the first proteome wide association study (PWAS) for 26 CVDs using plasma proteomics data from the largest cohort to date (53,022 individuals in the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (UKB-PPP)). Methods and results We calculated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-protein weights using the UKB-PPP dataset and integrated these weights with genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for 26 CVDs across three categories (16 cardiac, 5 venous, and 5 cerebrovascular diseases) in up to 1,308,460 individuals. PWAS was performed using the Functional Summary-based Imputation (FUSION) framework to identify protein-disease associations. Replication was conducted in two independent human plasma proteomic datasets (comprising 7213 and 3301 participants, respectively). We identified 155 proteins associated with CVDs and further Mendelian randomization analysis revealed 72 proteins with evidence of a causal association. Of these, 26 out of 35 available proteins were validated. Notably, 33 of the 72 proteins were not previously implicated in GWAS of CVDs. For example, PROC was found to be associated with venous thromboembolism (P = 6.32 × 10–7). We further conducted longitudinal analyses using plasma proteomics data and peripheral blood mononuclear cells single cell RNA-seq data. The results showed that 90.63% (29/32) of the detected proteins exhibited stable plasma expression, and 18 genes displayed stable expression in at least one cell type, particularly in CD14+ monocytes. We also utilized these proteins to construct disease diagnostic models, and notably, models for 14 out of 18 diseases achieved an area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.8, indicating promising diagnostic potential. Conclusions We identified 72 proteins that causally influence CVD risk, providing new mechanistic insights into CVD and may prove to be promising targets as CVD therapeutics. Graphical abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02847-wCVDHuman blood plasma proteomesCausal proteinsPWAS
spellingShingle Jia-Hao Wang
Shan-Shan Dong
Wei Huang
Hao-An Wang
Shao-Shan Liu
Xiaoyi Ma
Ren-Jie Zhu
Wei Shi
Hao Wu
Ke Yu
Tian-Pei Zhang
Cong-Ru Wang
Yan Guo
Hanzhong Xue
Tie-Lin Yang
Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diabetology
CVD
Human blood plasma proteomes
Causal proteins
PWAS
title Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
title_full Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
title_fullStr Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
title_full_unstemmed Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
title_short Blood plasma proteome-wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
title_sort blood plasma proteome wide association study implicates novel proteins in the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases
topic CVD
Human blood plasma proteomes
Causal proteins
PWAS
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02847-w
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