Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundIntermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive stimulation technique to induce neuronal and synaptic plasticity. The induced cortical plasticity is imperative in the recovery of motor and sensory functions. Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes damage to neu...

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Main Authors: Deeksha Patel, Rohit Banerjee, Kamran Farooque, Deepak Gupta, Bhavuk Garg, Nand Kumar, Kanwal Preet Kochhar, Suman Jain
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2025-06-01
Series:JMIR Research Protocols
Online Access:https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e66531
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author Deeksha Patel
Rohit Banerjee
Kamran Farooque
Deepak Gupta
Bhavuk Garg
Nand Kumar
Kanwal Preet Kochhar
Suman Jain
author_facet Deeksha Patel
Rohit Banerjee
Kamran Farooque
Deepak Gupta
Bhavuk Garg
Nand Kumar
Kanwal Preet Kochhar
Suman Jain
author_sort Deeksha Patel
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundIntermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive stimulation technique to induce neuronal and synaptic plasticity. The induced cortical plasticity is imperative in the recovery of motor and sensory functions. Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes damage to neurons and results in sensorimotor dysfunction. The effect of iTBS on recovery of motor and sensory dysfunction in complete SCI (cSCI) is still elusive. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the effect of iTBS on corticospinal tract integrity, plasticity, and regaining of motor and sensory function in patients with cSCI. The rationale behind using an iTBS protocol is to modify and augment the communication between spared neurons of the corticospinal tract and strengthen the synaptic transmission, which will improve motor function in underlying muscles. MethodsA total of 40 patients with cSCI with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A, aged 18-60 years, were randomly assigned to 5 groups. To evaluate the efficacy of iTBS versus traditional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, patients were categorized into placebo, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and iTBS. In addition, to determine the optimal site for stimulation, groups were further subdivided into motor cortex, spinal cord, and combined. Each patient underwent 10 iTBS sessions twice daily for 5 consecutive days. Neurological outcomes and functional outcome parameters will be assessed. Electrophysiological evaluations included transcranial magnetic stimulation single-pulse and paired-pulse parameters. The effect of iTBS intervention on biomarkers will be quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while neurotransmitters will be quantified by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Measurements will be done before and after the intervention, with follow-ups at 1, 2, and 3 months. ResultsThe outcome of the study will be defined by electrophysiological parameters elicited by single- and paired-pulse stimulation, ASIA score, pain, activities of daily life, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and biomarkers related to SCI. The results of this study will uncover the effectiveness of iTBS stimulation on (1) recovery of motor and sensory function in cSCI, (2) excitability of the corticospinal tract, (3) neurological recovery and modulation of pain, and (4) cortical reorganization after injury. ConclusionsiTBS in conjunction with an individualized rehabilitation program may serve as an integrated strategy to rejuvenate locomotor abilities and improve the overall quality of life for people with cSCI. Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registry- India CTRI/2022/11/047038; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/main1.php?EncHid=13361.98443 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/66531
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spelling doaj-art-8d14cc8a71694113b35407756d05ca5e2025-08-20T03:27:17ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Research Protocols1929-07482025-06-0114e6653110.2196/66531Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled TrialDeeksha Patelhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-045XRohit Banerjeehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-7477Kamran Farooquehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8541-4303Deepak Guptahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-5668Bhavuk Garghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3169-6437Nand Kumarhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2538-996XKanwal Preet Kochharhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3458-3657Suman Jainhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1428-605X BackgroundIntermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is a noninvasive stimulation technique to induce neuronal and synaptic plasticity. The induced cortical plasticity is imperative in the recovery of motor and sensory functions. Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes damage to neurons and results in sensorimotor dysfunction. The effect of iTBS on recovery of motor and sensory dysfunction in complete SCI (cSCI) is still elusive. ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the effect of iTBS on corticospinal tract integrity, plasticity, and regaining of motor and sensory function in patients with cSCI. The rationale behind using an iTBS protocol is to modify and augment the communication between spared neurons of the corticospinal tract and strengthen the synaptic transmission, which will improve motor function in underlying muscles. MethodsA total of 40 patients with cSCI with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade A, aged 18-60 years, were randomly assigned to 5 groups. To evaluate the efficacy of iTBS versus traditional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, patients were categorized into placebo, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, and iTBS. In addition, to determine the optimal site for stimulation, groups were further subdivided into motor cortex, spinal cord, and combined. Each patient underwent 10 iTBS sessions twice daily for 5 consecutive days. Neurological outcomes and functional outcome parameters will be assessed. Electrophysiological evaluations included transcranial magnetic stimulation single-pulse and paired-pulse parameters. The effect of iTBS intervention on biomarkers will be quantified using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while neurotransmitters will be quantified by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Measurements will be done before and after the intervention, with follow-ups at 1, 2, and 3 months. ResultsThe outcome of the study will be defined by electrophysiological parameters elicited by single- and paired-pulse stimulation, ASIA score, pain, activities of daily life, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and biomarkers related to SCI. The results of this study will uncover the effectiveness of iTBS stimulation on (1) recovery of motor and sensory function in cSCI, (2) excitability of the corticospinal tract, (3) neurological recovery and modulation of pain, and (4) cortical reorganization after injury. ConclusionsiTBS in conjunction with an individualized rehabilitation program may serve as an integrated strategy to rejuvenate locomotor abilities and improve the overall quality of life for people with cSCI. Trial RegistrationClinical Trials Registry- India CTRI/2022/11/047038; https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/main1.php?EncHid=13361.98443 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/66531https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e66531
spellingShingle Deeksha Patel
Rohit Banerjee
Kamran Farooque
Deepak Gupta
Bhavuk Garg
Nand Kumar
Kanwal Preet Kochhar
Suman Jain
Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
JMIR Research Protocols
title Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short Corticospinal Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Propelling Sensorimotor Function Recovery in Complete Spinal Cord Injury: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort corticospinal intermittent theta burst stimulation propelling sensorimotor function recovery in complete spinal cord injury protocol for a randomized controlled trial
url https://www.researchprotocols.org/2025/1/e66531
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