Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach

Residual powder on the surface and within the pores of Gyroid-structured porous 316L stainless steel implants fabricated via powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) impairs biocompatibility and increases implant failure risk. This study introduces a reverse high-voltage anodic oxidation (AO) technique...

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Main Authors: Jincheng Tang, Sijing Li, Yonglun Liu, Guoxian Pei, Ming Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Materials & Design
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000607
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author Jincheng Tang
Sijing Li
Yonglun Liu
Guoxian Pei
Ming Yan
author_facet Jincheng Tang
Sijing Li
Yonglun Liu
Guoxian Pei
Ming Yan
author_sort Jincheng Tang
collection DOAJ
description Residual powder on the surface and within the pores of Gyroid-structured porous 316L stainless steel implants fabricated via powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) impairs biocompatibility and increases implant failure risk. This study introduces a reverse high-voltage anodic oxidation (AO) technique to address this issue effectively. By leveraging high-voltage AO, non-ordered, large-diameter, deep, and weakly bonded honeycomb structures are generated, facilitating the removal of residual powder. Subsequently, low-frequency ultrasound is applied to further disrupt these structures for deeper powder removal and the creation of stable micro-nanoscale surface patterns. Mechanical testing revealed that polished 316L-AU-50 samples maintained compressive properties, exhibiting higher plateau stress and energy absorption, which provided superior bone protection. Moreover, These modifications significantly enhance bioactivity by creating ripple-like, fish-scale, and dendritic textures on the pore walls, which promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This study demonstrates that reverse high-voltage AO, combined with ultrasonic disruption, is a promising approach for removing residual powder, preserving mechanical integrity, and enhancing bioactivity, offering significant potential for clinical applications of porous 316L stainless steel implants.
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spelling doaj-art-8d10c0def9674a41b820a2129f3cf2662025-08-20T02:10:57ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752025-03-0125111364010.1016/j.matdes.2025.113640Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approachJincheng Tang0Sijing Li1Yonglun Liu2Guoxian Pei3Ming Yan4School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China3R Additive Technology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd. Shenzhen, 518055, ChinaSchool of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Correponding authors.Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Correponding authors.Residual powder on the surface and within the pores of Gyroid-structured porous 316L stainless steel implants fabricated via powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB) impairs biocompatibility and increases implant failure risk. This study introduces a reverse high-voltage anodic oxidation (AO) technique to address this issue effectively. By leveraging high-voltage AO, non-ordered, large-diameter, deep, and weakly bonded honeycomb structures are generated, facilitating the removal of residual powder. Subsequently, low-frequency ultrasound is applied to further disrupt these structures for deeper powder removal and the creation of stable micro-nanoscale surface patterns. Mechanical testing revealed that polished 316L-AU-50 samples maintained compressive properties, exhibiting higher plateau stress and energy absorption, which provided superior bone protection. Moreover, These modifications significantly enhance bioactivity by creating ripple-like, fish-scale, and dendritic textures on the pore walls, which promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. This study demonstrates that reverse high-voltage AO, combined with ultrasonic disruption, is a promising approach for removing residual powder, preserving mechanical integrity, and enhancing bioactivity, offering significant potential for clinical applications of porous 316L stainless steel implants.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000607316L stainless steelPowder bed fusion-laser beamResidual powderHigh-voltage anodic oxidationBioactivity
spellingShingle Jincheng Tang
Sijing Li
Yonglun Liu
Guoxian Pei
Ming Yan
Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
Materials & Design
316L stainless steel
Powder bed fusion-laser beam
Residual powder
High-voltage anodic oxidation
Bioactivity
title Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
title_full Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
title_fullStr Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
title_full_unstemmed Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
title_short Significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3D-printed porous 316L stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
title_sort significantly enhanced biocompatibility and performance of 3d printed porous 316l stainless steel via a simple and efficient surface polishing approach
topic 316L stainless steel
Powder bed fusion-laser beam
Residual powder
High-voltage anodic oxidation
Bioactivity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127525000607
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