<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells
Public acceptance of genetically modified crops engineered with <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal protein genes (BT-GMCs), which confer resistance to various lepidopteran insect pests, is generally lacking. As a major concern over BT-GMCs is the allergenicity of insecticida...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Hisashi Ohto Mayumi Ohno Miho Suganuma-Katagiri Takashi Hara Yoko Egawa Kazuya Tomimoto Kosuke Haginoya Hidetaka Hori Yuzuri Iwamoto Tohru Hayakawa |
| author_facet | Hisashi Ohto Mayumi Ohno Miho Suganuma-Katagiri Takashi Hara Yoko Egawa Kazuya Tomimoto Kosuke Haginoya Hidetaka Hori Yuzuri Iwamoto Tohru Hayakawa |
| author_sort | Hisashi Ohto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Public acceptance of genetically modified crops engineered with <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal protein genes (BT-GMCs), which confer resistance to various lepidopteran insect pests, is generally lacking. As a major concern over BT-GMCs is the allergenicity of insecticidal proteins, alleviating safety concerns should help increase public acceptance. In this study, three lepidopteran-specific Bt toxins, Cry1Aa, Cy1Ab, and Cry1Ac, were treated with simulated digestive fluids under various conditions. Western blotting using antiserum raised against individual segments (α-helices of domain I and β-sheets of domains II and III) of Cry1Aa showed that digestion produces a variety of polypeptides. In particular, the transmembrane α4–α5 of domain I, which may retain the ability to form pores, was the most resistant to digestion. Intact Cry1A toxins and these digests were then applied to RBL-2H3 cultured rat mast cells to determine whether the toxins directly induce histamine release. However, fluorescence microscopy revealed no specific binding of Cry1A toxins to RBL-2H3 cultured rat mast cells. In addition, neither the OPA method nor HPLC analysis detected significant histamine release from mast cells treated with Cry1A toxins and these digests. Our results provide important data supporting the safety of Cry1A toxins and potentially BT-GMCs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8d0d690d4a91403bb9b2b18d95573a94 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8d0d690d4a91403bb9b2b18d95573a942025-01-24T13:23:18ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-12-011411510.3390/biology14010015<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast CellsHisashi Ohto0Mayumi Ohno1Miho Suganuma-Katagiri2Takashi Hara3Yoko Egawa4Kazuya Tomimoto5Kosuke Haginoya6Hidetaka Hori7Yuzuri Iwamoto8Tohru Hayakawa9Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2 No-Cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, JapanPublic acceptance of genetically modified crops engineered with <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) insecticidal protein genes (BT-GMCs), which confer resistance to various lepidopteran insect pests, is generally lacking. As a major concern over BT-GMCs is the allergenicity of insecticidal proteins, alleviating safety concerns should help increase public acceptance. In this study, three lepidopteran-specific Bt toxins, Cry1Aa, Cy1Ab, and Cry1Ac, were treated with simulated digestive fluids under various conditions. Western blotting using antiserum raised against individual segments (α-helices of domain I and β-sheets of domains II and III) of Cry1Aa showed that digestion produces a variety of polypeptides. In particular, the transmembrane α4–α5 of domain I, which may retain the ability to form pores, was the most resistant to digestion. Intact Cry1A toxins and these digests were then applied to RBL-2H3 cultured rat mast cells to determine whether the toxins directly induce histamine release. However, fluorescence microscopy revealed no specific binding of Cry1A toxins to RBL-2H3 cultured rat mast cells. In addition, neither the OPA method nor HPLC analysis detected significant histamine release from mast cells treated with Cry1A toxins and these digests. Our results provide important data supporting the safety of Cry1A toxins and potentially BT-GMCs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/1/15<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>insecticidal Cry1A toxinssimulated digestive fluidsrat mast cellsRBL-2H3safety of genetically modified crops |
| spellingShingle | Hisashi Ohto Mayumi Ohno Miho Suganuma-Katagiri Takashi Hara Yoko Egawa Kazuya Tomimoto Kosuke Haginoya Hidetaka Hori Yuzuri Iwamoto Tohru Hayakawa <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells Biology <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> insecticidal Cry1A toxins simulated digestive fluids rat mast cells RBL-2H3 safety of genetically modified crops |
| title | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells |
| title_full | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells |
| title_fullStr | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells |
| title_short | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Cry1A Insecticidal Toxins and Their Digests Do Not Stimulate Histamine Release from Cultured Rat Mast Cells |
| title_sort | i bacillus thuringiensis i cry1a insecticidal toxins and their digests do not stimulate histamine release from cultured rat mast cells |
| topic | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> insecticidal Cry1A toxins simulated digestive fluids rat mast cells RBL-2H3 safety of genetically modified crops |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/1/15 |
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