Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks

Optical metasurfaces enable compact, lightweight and planar optical devices. Their performances, however, are still limited by design approximations imposed by their macroscopic dimensions. To address this problem, we propose a neural network-based multi-stage gradient optimization method to efficie...

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Main Authors: Yongle Zhou, Qi Xu, Yikun Liu, Emiliano R. Martins, Haowen Liang, Juntao Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Photonics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/7/738
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author Yongle Zhou
Qi Xu
Yikun Liu
Emiliano R. Martins
Haowen Liang
Juntao Li
author_facet Yongle Zhou
Qi Xu
Yikun Liu
Emiliano R. Martins
Haowen Liang
Juntao Li
author_sort Yongle Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Optical metasurfaces enable compact, lightweight and planar optical devices. Their performances, however, are still limited by design approximations imposed by their macroscopic dimensions. To address this problem, we propose a neural network-based multi-stage gradient optimization method to efficiently modulate nonlocal interactions between meta-atoms, which is one of the major effects neglected by current design methods. Our strategy allows for the use of these interactions as an additional design dimension to enhance the performance of metasurfaces and can be used to optimize large-scale metasurfaces with multiple parameters. As an example of application, we design a meta-hologram with a zero-order energy suppressed to 26% (theoretically) and 57% (experimentally) of its original value. Our results suggest that neural networks can be used as a powerful design tool for the next generation of high-performance metasurfaces with complex functionalities.
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institution Kabale University
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language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Photonics
spelling doaj-art-8d097945802f41d79ab37dccbf103a952025-08-20T03:32:33ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322025-07-0112773810.3390/photonics12070738Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural NetworksYongle Zhou0Qi Xu1Yikun Liu2Emiliano R. Martins3Haowen Liang4Juntao Li5State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519080, ChinaSão Carlos School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, BrazilState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaOptical metasurfaces enable compact, lightweight and planar optical devices. Their performances, however, are still limited by design approximations imposed by their macroscopic dimensions. To address this problem, we propose a neural network-based multi-stage gradient optimization method to efficiently modulate nonlocal interactions between meta-atoms, which is one of the major effects neglected by current design methods. Our strategy allows for the use of these interactions as an additional design dimension to enhance the performance of metasurfaces and can be used to optimize large-scale metasurfaces with multiple parameters. As an example of application, we design a meta-hologram with a zero-order energy suppressed to 26% (theoretically) and 57% (experimentally) of its original value. Our results suggest that neural networks can be used as a powerful design tool for the next generation of high-performance metasurfaces with complex functionalities.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/7/738nonlocal interactionsmeta-hologramneural networkzero-order
spellingShingle Yongle Zhou
Qi Xu
Yikun Liu
Emiliano R. Martins
Haowen Liang
Juntao Li
Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks
Photonics
nonlocal interactions
meta-hologram
neural network
zero-order
title Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks
title_full Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks
title_fullStr Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks
title_full_unstemmed Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks
title_short Nonlocal Interactions in Metasurfaces Harnessed by Neural Networks
title_sort nonlocal interactions in metasurfaces harnessed by neural networks
topic nonlocal interactions
meta-hologram
neural network
zero-order
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/12/7/738
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AT qixu nonlocalinteractionsinmetasurfacesharnessedbyneuralnetworks
AT yikunliu nonlocalinteractionsinmetasurfacesharnessedbyneuralnetworks
AT emilianormartins nonlocalinteractionsinmetasurfacesharnessedbyneuralnetworks
AT haowenliang nonlocalinteractionsinmetasurfacesharnessedbyneuralnetworks
AT juntaoli nonlocalinteractionsinmetasurfacesharnessedbyneuralnetworks