Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience

Todd and Rabern have argued that assuming future contingents are untrue, together with accepting the principle of the retrogradation of truth (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p<...

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Main Authors: Ciro De Florio, Aldo Frigerio
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Philosophies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/10/2/46
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author Ciro De Florio
Aldo Frigerio
author_facet Ciro De Florio
Aldo Frigerio
author_sort Ciro De Florio
collection DOAJ
description Todd and Rabern have argued that assuming future contingents are untrue, together with accepting the principle of the retrogradation of truth (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">PF</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), implies that it is metaphysically impossible that an omniscient entity exists. Since the possibility of an omniscient being is a metaphyisical and theological thesis that should not depend on assumed temporal semantics, Todd and Rabern conclude that, if one wishes to maintain the untruth of future contingents, one must reject the principle of the retrogradation of truth. This paper aims to show that Todd and Rabern’s argument fails. We present a temporal semantics in which future contingents are untrue, the principle of the retrogradation of truth is valid, and the potential existence of an omniscient and temporal being is preserved.
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spelling doaj-art-8d0893d47aae41a6a84776415e736f4c2025-08-20T02:18:20ZengMDPI AGPhilosophies2409-92872025-04-011024610.3390/philosophies10020046Retrogradation of Truth and OmniscienceCiro De Florio0Aldo Frigerio1Department of Philosophy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Philosophy, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20123 Milan, ItalyTodd and Rabern have argued that assuming future contingents are untrue, together with accepting the principle of the retrogradation of truth (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>→</mo><mi mathvariant="bold">PF</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>), implies that it is metaphysically impossible that an omniscient entity exists. Since the possibility of an omniscient being is a metaphyisical and theological thesis that should not depend on assumed temporal semantics, Todd and Rabern conclude that, if one wishes to maintain the untruth of future contingents, one must reject the principle of the retrogradation of truth. This paper aims to show that Todd and Rabern’s argument fails. We present a temporal semantics in which future contingents are untrue, the principle of the retrogradation of truth is valid, and the potential existence of an omniscient and temporal being is preserved.https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/10/2/46temporal logicomniscienceretrogradation of truthsemantics of future tensephilosophy of time
spellingShingle Ciro De Florio
Aldo Frigerio
Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience
Philosophies
temporal logic
omniscience
retrogradation of truth
semantics of future tense
philosophy of time
title Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience
title_full Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience
title_fullStr Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience
title_full_unstemmed Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience
title_short Retrogradation of Truth and Omniscience
title_sort retrogradation of truth and omniscience
topic temporal logic
omniscience
retrogradation of truth
semantics of future tense
philosophy of time
url https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/10/2/46
work_keys_str_mv AT cirodeflorio retrogradationoftruthandomniscience
AT aldofrigerio retrogradationoftruthandomniscience