Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia

Abstract Background Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) presents a major clinical challenge in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), requiring lower extremity revascularization (LER) to mitigate adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been implicated in car...

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Main Authors: Federico Biscetti, Maria Margherita Rando, Maria Anna Nicolazzi, Flavia Angelini, Roberto Iezzi, Luis H. Eraso, Paul J. Dimuzio, Dario Pitocco, Massimo Massetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Andrea Flex
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Cardiovascular Diabetology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02833-2
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author Federico Biscetti
Maria Margherita Rando
Maria Anna Nicolazzi
Flavia Angelini
Roberto Iezzi
Luis H. Eraso
Paul J. Dimuzio
Dario Pitocco
Massimo Massetti
Antonio Gasbarrini
Andrea Flex
author_facet Federico Biscetti
Maria Margherita Rando
Maria Anna Nicolazzi
Flavia Angelini
Roberto Iezzi
Luis H. Eraso
Paul J. Dimuzio
Dario Pitocco
Massimo Massetti
Antonio Gasbarrini
Andrea Flex
author_sort Federico Biscetti
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) presents a major clinical challenge in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), requiring lower extremity revascularization (LER) to mitigate adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been implicated in cardiovascular risk, but its role in patients with T2DM and CLTI undergoing revascularization remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Lp(a) levels in diabetic CLTI patients for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse limb events (MALE), or both after LER. Methods In this prospective cohort study of 158 individuals with T2DM and CLTI undergoing LER, baseline clinical data were collected, including Lp(a) levels. Patients were followed for occurrence of MACE, MALE, or both over a 12-month period. Results During follow-up, 74 patients (46.8%) experienced events (MACE, MALE, or both). Patients with events had significantly higher median Lp(a) levels than those without (48.0 vs. 8.1 mg/dL, p < 0.01). Lp(a) was independently associated with adverse events (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10; p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, elevated Lp(a) was independently associated with both MACE (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13; p < 0.01) and MALE (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.07; p < 0.01). An empirical Lp(a) cutoff of 29.6 mg/dL conferred a 3.8-fold increased risk of events (p < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis further confirmed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of events in patients with Lp(a) levels above cutoff (p < 0.01). ROC curve comparison analysis showed that the inclusion of Lp(a) significantly improved the predictive performance of the base clinical model (AUC from 0.74 to 0.98, p < 0.01 for composite outcome; from 0.81 to 0.89, p = 0.03 for MACE; and from 0.78 to 0.92, p < 0.01for MALE). Conclusions This study demonstrated that Lp(a) is a strong independent predictor of both cardiovascular and limb events in patients with T2DM undergoing LER for CLTI. These findings support the potential role of Lp(a) as a marker of residual risk in this high-risk population and suggest its utility in risk stratification.
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spelling doaj-art-8d087ebbf4c1468b9cdb9ac92cd29e212025-08-20T03:04:10ZengBMCCardiovascular Diabetology1475-28402025-07-0124111610.1186/s12933-025-02833-2Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemiaFederico Biscetti0Maria Margherita Rando1Maria Anna Nicolazzi2Flavia Angelini3Roberto Iezzi4Luis H. Eraso5Paul J. Dimuzio6Dario Pitocco7Massimo Massetti8Antonio Gasbarrini9Andrea Flex10Cardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSCardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSCardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreDivision of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Thomas Jefferson UniversityDivision of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Thomas Jefferson UniversityUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreCardiovascular Internal Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCSAbstract Background Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) presents a major clinical challenge in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), requiring lower extremity revascularization (LER) to mitigate adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes. Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been implicated in cardiovascular risk, but its role in patients with T2DM and CLTI undergoing revascularization remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of Lp(a) levels in diabetic CLTI patients for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), major adverse limb events (MALE), or both after LER. Methods In this prospective cohort study of 158 individuals with T2DM and CLTI undergoing LER, baseline clinical data were collected, including Lp(a) levels. Patients were followed for occurrence of MACE, MALE, or both over a 12-month period. Results During follow-up, 74 patients (46.8%) experienced events (MACE, MALE, or both). Patients with events had significantly higher median Lp(a) levels than those without (48.0 vs. 8.1 mg/dL, p < 0.01). Lp(a) was independently associated with adverse events (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04–1.10; p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, elevated Lp(a) was independently associated with both MACE (HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.13; p < 0.01) and MALE (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02–1.07; p < 0.01). An empirical Lp(a) cutoff of 29.6 mg/dL conferred a 3.8-fold increased risk of events (p < 0.01). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis further confirmed a significantly higher cumulative incidence of events in patients with Lp(a) levels above cutoff (p < 0.01). ROC curve comparison analysis showed that the inclusion of Lp(a) significantly improved the predictive performance of the base clinical model (AUC from 0.74 to 0.98, p < 0.01 for composite outcome; from 0.81 to 0.89, p = 0.03 for MACE; and from 0.78 to 0.92, p < 0.01for MALE). Conclusions This study demonstrated that Lp(a) is a strong independent predictor of both cardiovascular and limb events in patients with T2DM undergoing LER for CLTI. These findings support the potential role of Lp(a) as a marker of residual risk in this high-risk population and suggest its utility in risk stratification.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02833-2Peripheral artery disease (PAD)Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)Major adverse limb events (MALE)
spellingShingle Federico Biscetti
Maria Margherita Rando
Maria Anna Nicolazzi
Flavia Angelini
Roberto Iezzi
Luis H. Eraso
Paul J. Dimuzio
Dario Pitocco
Massimo Massetti
Antonio Gasbarrini
Andrea Flex
Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
Cardiovascular Diabetology
Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
Major adverse limb events (MALE)
title Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
title_full Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
title_fullStr Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
title_full_unstemmed Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
title_short Prognostic value of lipoprotein(a) for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia
title_sort prognostic value of lipoprotein a for cardiovascular events after lower limb revascularization in diabetic patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia
topic Peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))
Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)
Major adverse limb events (MALE)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-025-02833-2
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