Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning

Abstract The performance of fans and pumps is pivotal to the efficiency and responsiveness of the engine cooling system. In this study, a joint simulation model incorporating a detailed engine cooling system was developed and calibrated using vehicle road cycle tests, and the predictive capabilities...

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Main Authors: Yujin Zou, Renwang Li, Honghua Pan, Xiao Sun, Jun Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00313-x
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author Yujin Zou
Renwang Li
Honghua Pan
Xiao Sun
Jun Fu
author_facet Yujin Zou
Renwang Li
Honghua Pan
Xiao Sun
Jun Fu
author_sort Yujin Zou
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The performance of fans and pumps is pivotal to the efficiency and responsiveness of the engine cooling system. In this study, a joint simulation model incorporating a detailed engine cooling system was developed and calibrated using vehicle road cycle tests, and the predictive capabilities of four different machine learning models for water pump and fan speeds were systematically evaluated. Calibration results indicate that the simulated speeds deviate from experimental values by less than 2%, accurately reflecting real-world driving conditions. Moreover, the instantaneous fuel consumption closely mirrors the experimental data, and the error in cumulative fuel consumption under the NEDC is limited to 1.4%. The simulation outcomes for the cooling system remain within a 5% error margin, thus meeting the designated calibration criteria. Among the water pump speed prediction models, the SVR model demonstrates the highest accuracy and reliability, achieving a test mean square error (MSE) of 0.03986. In contrast, for fan speed prediction, the RF model delivers superior performance with a test MSE of 0.00052, aligning closely with experimental observations without overfitting. Consequently, the RF model proves to be the most accurate and reliable approach for fan speed prediction. These findings provide a solid theoretical basis and a robust modeling foundation for intelligent management of engine cooling systems.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-8d073c1015c5441ab3ce2c98c221b9c42025-08-20T03:53:11ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-00313-xPerformance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learningYujin Zou0Renwang Li1Honghua Pan2Xiao Sun3Jun Fu4School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversitySchool of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityDepartment of Information Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and TradeDepartment of Information Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and TradeDepartment of Information Technology, Zhejiang Institute of Economics and TradeAbstract The performance of fans and pumps is pivotal to the efficiency and responsiveness of the engine cooling system. In this study, a joint simulation model incorporating a detailed engine cooling system was developed and calibrated using vehicle road cycle tests, and the predictive capabilities of four different machine learning models for water pump and fan speeds were systematically evaluated. Calibration results indicate that the simulated speeds deviate from experimental values by less than 2%, accurately reflecting real-world driving conditions. Moreover, the instantaneous fuel consumption closely mirrors the experimental data, and the error in cumulative fuel consumption under the NEDC is limited to 1.4%. The simulation outcomes for the cooling system remain within a 5% error margin, thus meeting the designated calibration criteria. Among the water pump speed prediction models, the SVR model demonstrates the highest accuracy and reliability, achieving a test mean square error (MSE) of 0.03986. In contrast, for fan speed prediction, the RF model delivers superior performance with a test MSE of 0.00052, aligning closely with experimental observations without overfitting. Consequently, the RF model proves to be the most accurate and reliable approach for fan speed prediction. These findings provide a solid theoretical basis and a robust modeling foundation for intelligent management of engine cooling systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00313-xPerformance predictionElectronic fan and water pumpJoint simulationMachine learning
spellingShingle Yujin Zou
Renwang Li
Honghua Pan
Xiao Sun
Jun Fu
Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
Scientific Reports
Performance prediction
Electronic fan and water pump
Joint simulation
Machine learning
title Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
title_full Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
title_fullStr Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
title_full_unstemmed Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
title_short Performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
title_sort performance prediction of electronic fan and water pump of engine cooling system based on joint simulation and machine learning
topic Performance prediction
Electronic fan and water pump
Joint simulation
Machine learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00313-x
work_keys_str_mv AT yujinzou performancepredictionofelectronicfanandwaterpumpofenginecoolingsystembasedonjointsimulationandmachinelearning
AT renwangli performancepredictionofelectronicfanandwaterpumpofenginecoolingsystembasedonjointsimulationandmachinelearning
AT honghuapan performancepredictionofelectronicfanandwaterpumpofenginecoolingsystembasedonjointsimulationandmachinelearning
AT xiaosun performancepredictionofelectronicfanandwaterpumpofenginecoolingsystembasedonjointsimulationandmachinelearning
AT junfu performancepredictionofelectronicfanandwaterpumpofenginecoolingsystembasedonjointsimulationandmachinelearning