Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media

Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive compounds produced by plants in the Brassicales that serve as natural defense mechanisms against pests and pathogens, and provide sharp, hot, and pungent flavors to plants like wasabi, mustards, and horseradish. In agricultural settings, natural and synthetic ITC...

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Main Authors: Octavia Hogaboam, Viola A. Manning, Catherine L. Reardon, Kristin M. Trippe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137025000263
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author Octavia Hogaboam
Viola A. Manning
Catherine L. Reardon
Kristin M. Trippe
author_facet Octavia Hogaboam
Viola A. Manning
Catherine L. Reardon
Kristin M. Trippe
author_sort Octavia Hogaboam
collection DOAJ
description Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive compounds produced by plants in the Brassicales that serve as natural defense mechanisms against pests and pathogens, and provide sharp, hot, and pungent flavors to plants like wasabi, mustards, and horseradish. In agricultural settings, natural and synthetic ITCs are used to biofumigate soils prior to planting; however, because residual ITCs can inhibit germination or plant growth, (i.e. soils are “hot”), caution is necessary when fields are replanted. Current methodologies that measure ITCs are labor intensive and require expensive instrumentation. Therefore, there is a critical need for rapid, reliable, and inexpensive methods that detect ITCs in a variety of plant and soil matrices. This study describes the development and validation of the SaxAPIL biosensor, which uses an ITC-responsive promoter to drive expression of a bioluminescent reporter in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 to quantify ITCs. Our results indicate that SaxAPIL can be used in a high throughput microplate-based assay to detect ITCs in a dose-dependent manner in solutions, plant- and seed meal-derived extracts, and soils amended with green manure or seed meals. Our results clearly demonstrate that SaxAPIL is a robust biosensor for the detection and quantification of aliphatic ITCs in plants and soil. The methodology presented here may be adapted to provide more efficient and less expensive methods to measure ITCs in industrial, health, and life science applications.
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spelling doaj-art-8d041a9f3dfb4c448ea2b5b82083cbfa2025-08-20T01:55:52ZengElsevierBiosensors and Bioelectronics: X2590-13702025-08-012410059910.1016/j.biosx.2025.100599Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other mediaOctavia Hogaboam0Viola A. Manning1Catherine L. Reardon2Kristin M. Trippe3National Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Oregon Health Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USANational Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USAColumbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, USDA ARS, Adams, OR, 97810, USANational Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Corresponding author. National Forage Seed Production Research Center, USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are bioactive compounds produced by plants in the Brassicales that serve as natural defense mechanisms against pests and pathogens, and provide sharp, hot, and pungent flavors to plants like wasabi, mustards, and horseradish. In agricultural settings, natural and synthetic ITCs are used to biofumigate soils prior to planting; however, because residual ITCs can inhibit germination or plant growth, (i.e. soils are “hot”), caution is necessary when fields are replanted. Current methodologies that measure ITCs are labor intensive and require expensive instrumentation. Therefore, there is a critical need for rapid, reliable, and inexpensive methods that detect ITCs in a variety of plant and soil matrices. This study describes the development and validation of the SaxAPIL biosensor, which uses an ITC-responsive promoter to drive expression of a bioluminescent reporter in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 to quantify ITCs. Our results indicate that SaxAPIL can be used in a high throughput microplate-based assay to detect ITCs in a dose-dependent manner in solutions, plant- and seed meal-derived extracts, and soils amended with green manure or seed meals. Our results clearly demonstrate that SaxAPIL is a robust biosensor for the detection and quantification of aliphatic ITCs in plants and soil. The methodology presented here may be adapted to provide more efficient and less expensive methods to measure ITCs in industrial, health, and life science applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137025000263IsothiocyanatesBiosensorBiofumigationGreen manure
spellingShingle Octavia Hogaboam
Viola A. Manning
Catherine L. Reardon
Kristin M. Trippe
Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media
Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X
Isothiocyanates
Biosensor
Biofumigation
Green manure
title Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media
title_full Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media
title_fullStr Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media
title_full_unstemmed Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media
title_short Hot or not: Quantifying isothiocyanates in plants, soil, and other media
title_sort hot or not quantifying isothiocyanates in plants soil and other media
topic Isothiocyanates
Biosensor
Biofumigation
Green manure
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590137025000263
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