Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction

Abstract The bottom-up reconstitution of self-growing artificial cells is a critical milestone toward realizing autonomy and evolvability. However, building artificial cells that exhibit self-growth coupled with internal replication of gene-encoding DNA has not been achieved yet. Here, we report sel...

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Main Authors: Yoshihiro Minagawa, Moe Yabuta, Masayuki Su’etsugu, Hiroyuki Noji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56172-7
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author Yoshihiro Minagawa
Moe Yabuta
Masayuki Su’etsugu
Hiroyuki Noji
author_facet Yoshihiro Minagawa
Moe Yabuta
Masayuki Su’etsugu
Hiroyuki Noji
author_sort Yoshihiro Minagawa
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The bottom-up reconstitution of self-growing artificial cells is a critical milestone toward realizing autonomy and evolvability. However, building artificial cells that exhibit self-growth coupled with internal replication of gene-encoding DNA has not been achieved yet. Here, we report self-growing artificial cell models based on dextran-rich droplets in an aqueous two-phase system of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran (DEX). Motivated by the finding that DNA induces the generation of DEX-rich droplets, we integrate DNA amplification system with DEX-rich droplets, which exhibited active self-growth. We implement the protocells with cell-free transcription-translation systems coupled with DNA amplification/replication, which also show active self-growth. Considering the simplicities in terms of the chemical composition and the mechanism, these results underscore the potential of DEX droplets as a foundational platform for engineering protocells, giving implications for the emergence of protocells under prebiotic conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-8ce47efdce6742d59c55f644400bf3d72025-08-20T03:04:34ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-02-0116111110.1038/s41467-025-56172-7Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reactionYoshihiro Minagawa0Moe Yabuta1Masayuki Su’etsugu2Hiroyuki Noji3Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of TokyoDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of TokyoDepartment of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo UniversityDepartment of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, The University of TokyoAbstract The bottom-up reconstitution of self-growing artificial cells is a critical milestone toward realizing autonomy and evolvability. However, building artificial cells that exhibit self-growth coupled with internal replication of gene-encoding DNA has not been achieved yet. Here, we report self-growing artificial cell models based on dextran-rich droplets in an aqueous two-phase system of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran (DEX). Motivated by the finding that DNA induces the generation of DEX-rich droplets, we integrate DNA amplification system with DEX-rich droplets, which exhibited active self-growth. We implement the protocells with cell-free transcription-translation systems coupled with DNA amplification/replication, which also show active self-growth. Considering the simplicities in terms of the chemical composition and the mechanism, these results underscore the potential of DEX droplets as a foundational platform for engineering protocells, giving implications for the emergence of protocells under prebiotic conditions.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56172-7
spellingShingle Yoshihiro Minagawa
Moe Yabuta
Masayuki Su’etsugu
Hiroyuki Noji
Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
Nature Communications
title Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
title_full Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
title_fullStr Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
title_full_unstemmed Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
title_short Self-growing protocell models in aqueous two-phase system induced by internal DNA replication reaction
title_sort self growing protocell models in aqueous two phase system induced by internal dna replication reaction
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56172-7
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AT hiroyukinoji selfgrowingprotocellmodelsinaqueoustwophasesysteminducedbyinternaldnareplicationreaction