Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information

Visual geolocalization for aerial vehicles based on an analysis of Earth observation imagery is an effective method in GNSS-denied environments. However, existing methods for geographic location estimation have limitations: one relies on high-precision geodetic elevation data, which is costly, and t...

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Main Authors: Maoan Zhou, Dongfang Yang, Jieyu Liu, Weibo Xu, Xiong Qiu, Yongfei Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2291
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author Maoan Zhou
Dongfang Yang
Jieyu Liu
Weibo Xu
Xiong Qiu
Yongfei Li
author_facet Maoan Zhou
Dongfang Yang
Jieyu Liu
Weibo Xu
Xiong Qiu
Yongfei Li
author_sort Maoan Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Visual geolocalization for aerial vehicles based on an analysis of Earth observation imagery is an effective method in GNSS-denied environments. However, existing methods for geographic location estimation have limitations: one relies on high-precision geodetic elevation data, which is costly, and the other assumes a flat ground surface, ignoring elevation differences. This paper presents a novel aerial vehicle geolocalization method. It integrates 2D information and relative depth information, which are both from Earth observation images. Firstly, the aerial and reference remote sensing satellite images are fed into a feature-matching network to extract pixel-level feature-matching pairs. Then, a depth estimation network is used to estimate the relative depth of the satellite remote sensing image, thereby obtaining the relative depth information of the ground area within the field of view of the aerial image. Finally, high-confidence matching pairs with similar depth and uniform distribution are selected to estimate the geographic location of the aerial vehicle. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing ones in terms of geolocalization accuracy and stability. It eliminates reliance on elevation data or planar assumptions, thus providing a more adaptable and robust solution for aerial vehicle geolocalization in GNSS-denied environments.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2072-4292
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Remote Sensing
spelling doaj-art-8cdd2967948a4d8eacbbfd88c543bc632025-08-20T03:50:16ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-07-011713229110.3390/rs17132291Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth InformationMaoan Zhou0Dongfang Yang1Jieyu Liu2Weibo Xu3Xiong Qiu4Yongfei Li5Xi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an 710025, ChinaXi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an 710025, ChinaXi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an 710025, ChinaXi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an 710025, ChinaXi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an 710025, ChinaXi’an Research Institute of Hi-Tech, Xi’an 710025, ChinaVisual geolocalization for aerial vehicles based on an analysis of Earth observation imagery is an effective method in GNSS-denied environments. However, existing methods for geographic location estimation have limitations: one relies on high-precision geodetic elevation data, which is costly, and the other assumes a flat ground surface, ignoring elevation differences. This paper presents a novel aerial vehicle geolocalization method. It integrates 2D information and relative depth information, which are both from Earth observation images. Firstly, the aerial and reference remote sensing satellite images are fed into a feature-matching network to extract pixel-level feature-matching pairs. Then, a depth estimation network is used to estimate the relative depth of the satellite remote sensing image, thereby obtaining the relative depth information of the ground area within the field of view of the aerial image. Finally, high-confidence matching pairs with similar depth and uniform distribution are selected to estimate the geographic location of the aerial vehicle. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms existing ones in terms of geolocalization accuracy and stability. It eliminates reliance on elevation data or planar assumptions, thus providing a more adaptable and robust solution for aerial vehicle geolocalization in GNSS-denied environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2291GNSS-denied environmentsaerial vehicle visual geolocalizationsatellite remote sensing imagerelative depth estimationgeographic location estimation
spellingShingle Maoan Zhou
Dongfang Yang
Jieyu Liu
Weibo Xu
Xiong Qiu
Yongfei Li
Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information
Remote Sensing
GNSS-denied environments
aerial vehicle visual geolocalization
satellite remote sensing image
relative depth estimation
geographic location estimation
title Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information
title_full Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information
title_fullStr Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information
title_full_unstemmed Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information
title_short Visual Geolocalization for Aerial Vehicles via Fusion of Satellite Remote Sensing Imagery and Its Relative Depth Information
title_sort visual geolocalization for aerial vehicles via fusion of satellite remote sensing imagery and its relative depth information
topic GNSS-denied environments
aerial vehicle visual geolocalization
satellite remote sensing image
relative depth estimation
geographic location estimation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2291
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