Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator

Elevators serve as essential vertical transportation systems for both passengers and heavy loads in modern buildings. Electromechanical lifts have become the dominant choice due to their performance advantages over hydraulic systems. A critical component of their drive mechanism is the Permanent Mag...

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Main Authors: Vasileios I. Vlachou, Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Machines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/427
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author Vasileios I. Vlachou
Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis
author_facet Vasileios I. Vlachou
Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis
author_sort Vasileios I. Vlachou
collection DOAJ
description Elevators serve as essential vertical transportation systems for both passengers and heavy loads in modern buildings. Electromechanical lifts have become the dominant choice due to their performance advantages over hydraulic systems. A critical component of their drive mechanism is the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), which is subject to mechanical and electrical stress during continuous operation. This necessitates advanced monitoring techniques to ensure safety, system reliability, and reduced maintenance costs. In this study, a fault-tolerant PMSM is designed and evaluated through 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA), optimizing key electromagnetic parameters. The design is validated through experimental testing on a real elevator setup, capturing operational data under various loading conditions. These signals are preprocessed and analyzed using advanced machine-learning techniques, specifically a Random Forest classifier, to distinguish between Normal, Marginal, and Critical states of motor health. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 94%, demonstrating high precision in predictive maintenance capabilities. The results confirm that integrating a fault-tolerant PMSM design with real-time data analytics offers a reliable solution for early fault detection, minimizing downtime and enhancing elevator safety.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-8cd5c68b5d9844e5a6773b8d89491c8e2025-08-20T03:47:54ZengMDPI AGMachines2075-17022025-05-0113542710.3390/machines13050427Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance ElevatorVasileios I. Vlachou0Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, GreeceDepartment of Production and Management Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceElevators serve as essential vertical transportation systems for both passengers and heavy loads in modern buildings. Electromechanical lifts have become the dominant choice due to their performance advantages over hydraulic systems. A critical component of their drive mechanism is the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM), which is subject to mechanical and electrical stress during continuous operation. This necessitates advanced monitoring techniques to ensure safety, system reliability, and reduced maintenance costs. In this study, a fault-tolerant PMSM is designed and evaluated through 2D Finite Element Analysis (FEA), optimizing key electromagnetic parameters. The design is validated through experimental testing on a real elevator setup, capturing operational data under various loading conditions. These signals are preprocessed and analyzed using advanced machine-learning techniques, specifically a Random Forest classifier, to distinguish between Normal, Marginal, and Critical states of motor health. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 94%, demonstrating high precision in predictive maintenance capabilities. The results confirm that integrating a fault-tolerant PMSM design with real-time data analytics offers a reliable solution for early fault detection, minimizing downtime and enhancing elevator safety.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/427permanent magnet machinefault diagnosiscondition monitoringshort circuitfault tolerancepredictive maintenance
spellingShingle Vasileios I. Vlachou
Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis
Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator
Machines
permanent magnet machine
fault diagnosis
condition monitoring
short circuit
fault tolerance
predictive maintenance
title Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator
title_full Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator
title_fullStr Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator
title_full_unstemmed Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator
title_short Development of a Fault-Tolerant Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using a Machine-Learning Algorithm for a Predictive Maintenance Elevator
title_sort development of a fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motor using a machine learning algorithm for a predictive maintenance elevator
topic permanent magnet machine
fault diagnosis
condition monitoring
short circuit
fault tolerance
predictive maintenance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/13/5/427
work_keys_str_mv AT vasileiosivlachou developmentofafaulttolerantpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorusingamachinelearningalgorithmforapredictivemaintenanceelevator
AT theoklitosskarakatsanis developmentofafaulttolerantpermanentmagnetsynchronousmotorusingamachinelearningalgorithmforapredictivemaintenanceelevator