Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells

The objective of this experiment was to modify the structure of gelatin using succinic anhydride in order to address the issue of aging caused by the gelatin cross-linking reaction. The addition of succinic anhydride to the gelatin solution enabled the initiation of a chemical reaction, resulting in...

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Main Authors: Chungang Zhang, Chao Xie, Huimin Fu, Jiahui Li, Yang Wang, Minyuan Tian, Heng Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Polymer Testing
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182500073X
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author Chungang Zhang
Chao Xie
Huimin Fu
Jiahui Li
Yang Wang
Minyuan Tian
Heng Hu
author_facet Chungang Zhang
Chao Xie
Huimin Fu
Jiahui Li
Yang Wang
Minyuan Tian
Heng Hu
author_sort Chungang Zhang
collection DOAJ
description The objective of this experiment was to modify the structure of gelatin using succinic anhydride in order to address the issue of aging caused by the gelatin cross-linking reaction. The addition of succinic anhydride to the gelatin solution enabled the initiation of a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of succinylated gelatin. The structure of the succinylated gelatin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). By comparing the disintegration time and mechanical properties of formaldehyde-treated gelatin, it was found that the disintegration time of formaldehyde-treated gelatin was much higher than that of acylated gelatin, and the change in mechanical properties was more pronounced. The stability and hygroscopicity of the two films before and after succinic anhydride modification were measured. The results of the moisture diffusion mechanism and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that the moisture absorption capacity of the two films was essentially the same. The findings demonstrated that the alteration of the gelatin configuration through succinic anhydride incorporation exhibited a discernible anti-formaldehyde impact. Moreover, the hygroscopic ability of the two types of films was largely unchanged before and after the succinic anhydride modification, indicating that the modified gelatin had no significant impact on its hygroscopic property. In light of these findings, we postulate that the modification of gelatin with succinic anhydride may prove an effective strategy for achieving an anti-ageing effect.
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spelling doaj-art-8cd224e7e5d743979367630c3112e8c02025-08-20T01:54:16ZengElsevierPolymer Testing1873-23482025-04-0114510875910.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108759Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shellsChungang Zhang0Chao Xie1Huimin Fu2Jiahui Li3Yang Wang4Minyuan Tian5Heng Hu6College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China; Qimeng Co., LTD, Chifeng, China; Corresponding author. College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 77, Life One Road, DD port, Dalian, 116600, China.College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, ChinaCollege of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, ChinaThe objective of this experiment was to modify the structure of gelatin using succinic anhydride in order to address the issue of aging caused by the gelatin cross-linking reaction. The addition of succinic anhydride to the gelatin solution enabled the initiation of a chemical reaction, resulting in the formation of succinylated gelatin. The structure of the succinylated gelatin was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). By comparing the disintegration time and mechanical properties of formaldehyde-treated gelatin, it was found that the disintegration time of formaldehyde-treated gelatin was much higher than that of acylated gelatin, and the change in mechanical properties was more pronounced. The stability and hygroscopicity of the two films before and after succinic anhydride modification were measured. The results of the moisture diffusion mechanism and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that the moisture absorption capacity of the two films was essentially the same. The findings demonstrated that the alteration of the gelatin configuration through succinic anhydride incorporation exhibited a discernible anti-formaldehyde impact. Moreover, the hygroscopic ability of the two types of films was largely unchanged before and after the succinic anhydride modification, indicating that the modified gelatin had no significant impact on its hygroscopic property. In light of these findings, we postulate that the modification of gelatin with succinic anhydride may prove an effective strategy for achieving an anti-ageing effect.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182500073XSuccinylated gelatin filmsAging problemCross-linking reactionFT-IRNMRFickian model
spellingShingle Chungang Zhang
Chao Xie
Huimin Fu
Jiahui Li
Yang Wang
Minyuan Tian
Heng Hu
Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
Polymer Testing
Succinylated gelatin films
Aging problem
Cross-linking reaction
FT-IR
NMR
Fickian model
title Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
title_full Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
title_fullStr Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
title_full_unstemmed Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
title_short Design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
title_sort design and evaluation of modified gelatin films to address the aging problem of soft capsule shells
topic Succinylated gelatin films
Aging problem
Cross-linking reaction
FT-IR
NMR
Fickian model
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014294182500073X
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