Effect of Vitamin D and Calcium Supplementation on Menstrual Abnormalities, Follicular Response and Metabolic Status in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder affecting women. It presents with irregular periods, high levels of male hormones and multiple cysts on the ovaries. Metabolic disruptions related to PCOS consist of insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Rec...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sangeetha V Joice, N Ananthi, G Lekshminath, Rebecca Abraham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/20733/78879_CE[Ra1]_F(SL)_QC_PF1(AG_SS)_PFA(IS)_PB(AG_IS)_PN(IS).pdf
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Summary:Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder affecting women. It presents with irregular periods, high levels of male hormones and multiple cysts on the ovaries. Metabolic disruptions related to PCOS consist of insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia. Recent studies show that supplementing with vitamin D and calcium could benefit metabolic health, menstrual cycle regularity and follicular growth in women with PCOS. Aim: To analyse the effectiveness of Vitamin D and Calcium on metabolic parameters, menstrual cycles and follicular response in patients with PCOS. Materials and Methods: The studies were reviewed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A thorough literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Pub Med Central, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Evidence-based Medicine Reviews (EBMR), and Google Scholar. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses and the data were analysed using a narrative approach. Results: The systematic review of 12 experimental studies showed mixed results on the effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in women with PCOS. Some studies reported improved insulin sensitivity, lipid profiles and menstrual cycle regularity, while others found inconsistent outcomes in follicular development and ovarian morphology, with some showing improvement and others finding no significant changes compared to controls. Conclusion: The present systematic review suggests that vitamin D and calcium supplementation can potentially improve metabolic status in women with PCOS, but the effects on menstrual cycle abnormalities and follicular response are inconsistent. The variability in study outcomes highlights the need for personalised supplementation strategies and further research to determine the optimal treatment approach for improving both metabolic and reproductive health in women with PCOS.
ISSN:2249-782X
0973-709X