Vascularization, Innervation, and Inflammation: Pathways Connecting the Heart–Brain Axis and Implications in a Clinical Setting

With an aging population, the incidence of both ischemic heart disease and strokes have become the most prevalent diseases globally. These diseases have similar risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. However, there is also evidence of a relationship between the heart and the brai...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alexa R. Lauinger, Joseph J. Sepe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/171
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