Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus
Abstract During the recent yellow fever (YF) epidemics in Brazil, human cases were attributed to spillover infections via sylvatic mosquito transmission. Despite YF virus (YFV) transmission in major urban centers with insufficient vaccination coverage and abundant populations of the domestic vector,...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54146-9 |
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| author | Divya P. Shinde Jessica A. Plante Dionna Scharton Brooke Mitchell Jordyn Walker Sasha R. Azar Rafael K. Campos Lívia Sacchetto Betânia P. Drumond Nikos Vasilakis Kenneth S. Plante Scott C. Weaver |
| author_facet | Divya P. Shinde Jessica A. Plante Dionna Scharton Brooke Mitchell Jordyn Walker Sasha R. Azar Rafael K. Campos Lívia Sacchetto Betânia P. Drumond Nikos Vasilakis Kenneth S. Plante Scott C. Weaver |
| author_sort | Divya P. Shinde |
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| description | Abstract During the recent yellow fever (YF) epidemics in Brazil, human cases were attributed to spillover infections via sylvatic mosquito transmission. Despite YF virus (YFV) transmission in major urban centers with insufficient vaccination coverage and abundant populations of the domestic vector, Aedes aegypti, there was no evidence of human-amplified transmission. Furthermore, the historic absence of YF in Asia, despite abundant Ae. aegypti and an immunologically naive human population, is unexplained. We tested the hypothesis that pre-existing, heterologous flavivirus immunity, specifically from dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, limits YFV viremia and transmission by Ae. aegypti. We infected cynomolgus macaques with DENV or ZIKV, then challenged them 6–9 months later with YFV. We then measured viremia and disease and allowed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to feed during peak macaque viremia. Although prior heterologous immunity had variable effects on disease, DENV and ZIKV immunity consistently suppressed YFV viremia. Despite no statistical difference due to a small sample size, the suppression in viremia led to a significant reduction in Ae. aegypti infection and a lack of transmission potential. These results support the hypothesis that, in DENV- and ZIKV-endemic regions such as South America and Asia, human flavivirus immunity suppresses YFV human amplification potential, reducing the risk of urban outbreaks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8cadf7cb3c2a4f769d8677035a9297bc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-8cadf7cb3c2a4f769d8677035a9297bc2024-11-10T12:32:37ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232024-11-0115111110.1038/s41467-024-54146-9Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virusDivya P. Shinde0Jessica A. Plante1Dionna Scharton2Brooke Mitchell3Jordyn Walker4Sasha R. Azar5Rafael K. Campos6Lívia Sacchetto7Betânia P. Drumond8Nikos Vasilakis9Kenneth S. Plante10Scott C. Weaver11Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchLaboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia, Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio PretoDeparment of Microbiology—Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisWorld Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchAbstract During the recent yellow fever (YF) epidemics in Brazil, human cases were attributed to spillover infections via sylvatic mosquito transmission. Despite YF virus (YFV) transmission in major urban centers with insufficient vaccination coverage and abundant populations of the domestic vector, Aedes aegypti, there was no evidence of human-amplified transmission. Furthermore, the historic absence of YF in Asia, despite abundant Ae. aegypti and an immunologically naive human population, is unexplained. We tested the hypothesis that pre-existing, heterologous flavivirus immunity, specifically from dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses, limits YFV viremia and transmission by Ae. aegypti. We infected cynomolgus macaques with DENV or ZIKV, then challenged them 6–9 months later with YFV. We then measured viremia and disease and allowed Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to feed during peak macaque viremia. Although prior heterologous immunity had variable effects on disease, DENV and ZIKV immunity consistently suppressed YFV viremia. Despite no statistical difference due to a small sample size, the suppression in viremia led to a significant reduction in Ae. aegypti infection and a lack of transmission potential. These results support the hypothesis that, in DENV- and ZIKV-endemic regions such as South America and Asia, human flavivirus immunity suppresses YFV human amplification potential, reducing the risk of urban outbreaks.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54146-9 |
| spellingShingle | Divya P. Shinde Jessica A. Plante Dionna Scharton Brooke Mitchell Jordyn Walker Sasha R. Azar Rafael K. Campos Lívia Sacchetto Betânia P. Drumond Nikos Vasilakis Kenneth S. Plante Scott C. Weaver Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus Nature Communications |
| title | Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus |
| title_full | Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus |
| title_fullStr | Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus |
| title_short | Potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus |
| title_sort | potential role of heterologous flavivirus immunity in preventing urban transmission of yellow fever virus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54146-9 |
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