Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in recognizing pathogenic patterns and initiating immune responses against TB and HIV. Previously, studies described the gene expression of TLRs in patients with TB and HIV. Here, we demonstrated TLRs protein expressions and their association with clin...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9399524 |
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| author | Wegene Tamene Liya Wassie Vincent C. Marconi Meseret Abebe Amha Kebede Ulrich Sack Rawleigh Howe |
| author_facet | Wegene Tamene Liya Wassie Vincent C. Marconi Meseret Abebe Amha Kebede Ulrich Sack Rawleigh Howe |
| author_sort | Wegene Tamene |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in recognizing pathogenic patterns and initiating immune responses against TB and HIV. Previously, studies described the gene expression of TLRs in patients with TB and HIV. Here, we demonstrated TLRs protein expressions and their association with clinical status and plasma markers in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV coinfection. The phenotyping of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on CD14+ monocytes and their subsets were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. Host plasma biomarkers and microbial indices were measured using Luminex Multiplex assay and standard of care tools, respectively. TLR2 expression significantly enhanced in TB, slightly increased in HIV but slightly reduced in TB/HIV coinfection compared to apparently health controls (HC). On the other hand, TLR4 expression was significantly increased in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV compared to HC. Expression of TLR4 was equally enhanced on classical and intermediate monocytes while higher TLR2 expression on intermediate than classical monocytes. TLR4 had a positive correlation pattern with plasma biomarkers while TLR2 had an inverse correlation pattern. TLR4 is associated with disease severity while TLR2 is with the immune-competent status of patients. Our findings demonstrated that the pattern of TLR expression is disease as well as monocyte subset specific and distinct factors drive these differences. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ca8de977cca4e2280e95c0b8d7feb6b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ca8de977cca4e2280e95c0b8d7feb6b2025-08-20T03:37:46ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-71562024-01-01202410.1155/2024/9399524Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIVWegene Tamene0Liya Wassie1Vincent C. Marconi2Meseret Abebe3Amha Kebede4Ulrich Sack5Rawleigh Howe6HIV and TB Research DirectorateMycobacterial Disease Research DirectorateSchool of MedicineMycobacterial Disease Research DirectorateHIV and TB Research DirectorateInstitute of Clinical ImmunologyMycobacterial Disease Research DirectorateToll-like receptors (TLRs) have a critical role in recognizing pathogenic patterns and initiating immune responses against TB and HIV. Previously, studies described the gene expression of TLRs in patients with TB and HIV. Here, we demonstrated TLRs protein expressions and their association with clinical status and plasma markers in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV coinfection. The phenotyping of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on CD14+ monocytes and their subsets were determined by multicolor flow cytometry. Host plasma biomarkers and microbial indices were measured using Luminex Multiplex assay and standard of care tools, respectively. TLR2 expression significantly enhanced in TB, slightly increased in HIV but slightly reduced in TB/HIV coinfection compared to apparently health controls (HC). On the other hand, TLR4 expression was significantly increased in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV compared to HC. Expression of TLR4 was equally enhanced on classical and intermediate monocytes while higher TLR2 expression on intermediate than classical monocytes. TLR4 had a positive correlation pattern with plasma biomarkers while TLR2 had an inverse correlation pattern. TLR4 is associated with disease severity while TLR2 is with the immune-competent status of patients. Our findings demonstrated that the pattern of TLR expression is disease as well as monocyte subset specific and distinct factors drive these differences.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9399524 |
| spellingShingle | Wegene Tamene Liya Wassie Vincent C. Marconi Meseret Abebe Amha Kebede Ulrich Sack Rawleigh Howe Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV |
| title_full | Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV |
| title_fullStr | Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV |
| title_short | Protein Expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 on Monocytes in TB, HIV, and TB/HIV |
| title_sort | protein expression of tlr2 tlr4 and tlr9 on monocytes in tb hiv and tb hiv |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9399524 |
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