Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]

Background: Some patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported to exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures and impaired consciousness. Our study reviews reported cases to assess the pharmacological approach to managing seizures in SARS-CoV-2 pati...

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Main Authors: Priscilla Kolibea Mante, John-Paul Omuojine, Nana Ofori Adomako, Paulina Antwi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2021-11-01
Series:Open Research Africa
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Online Access:https://openresearchafrica.org/articles/4-29/v2
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author Priscilla Kolibea Mante
John-Paul Omuojine
Nana Ofori Adomako
Paulina Antwi
author_facet Priscilla Kolibea Mante
John-Paul Omuojine
Nana Ofori Adomako
Paulina Antwi
author_sort Priscilla Kolibea Mante
collection DOAJ
description Background: Some patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported to exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures and impaired consciousness. Our study reviews reported cases to assess the pharmacological approach to managing seizures in SARS-CoV-2 patients and associated outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of case reports on the incidence of seizures following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients that reported use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in management was performed by using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines. Databases used included EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Data was presented as qualitative and descriptive data. Results: In total, 67 articles were selected for full-text assessment, of which 18 were included in the final review. Patients had a median age of 54 years, most of whom were male. Remdisivir, dexamethasone, Laninamivir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and Lopinavir-ritonavir were common agents used in the management of COVID-19. Most patients presented with either generalized tonic-clonic seizures or status epilepticus. Most patients received levetiracetam as drug choice or as part of their regimen. Other AEDs commonly prescribed included midazolam and sodium valproate. Some patients received no antiepileptic drug therapy. Most of the patients who died had more than one comorbidity. Also, most of the patients who died received COVID-19 treatment drugs. None of the patients who received midazolam as drug choice or as part of their regimen developed recurrent seizures in contrast to patients who received levetiracetam and sodium valproate as drug choice or as part of their regimen. Interestingly, none of the patients who received no AEDs suffered recurrent seizures or died. Conclusions: Standard guidelines for managing seizures in COVID-19 patients may be required. A limitation of this review is that it involved the use of case reports with no controls and a small number of patients.
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spelling doaj-art-8c9703f65fb84c0e9101be21f753138c2025-08-20T02:38:22ZengF1000 Research LtdOpen Research Africa2752-69252021-11-01410.12688/aasopenres.13224.214455Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]Priscilla Kolibea Mante0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6886-7570John-Paul Omuojine1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7320-6104Nana Ofori Adomako2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-4304Paulina Antwi3Department of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Psychiatry, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaDepartment of Pharmacology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, GhanaBackground: Some patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported to exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures and impaired consciousness. Our study reviews reported cases to assess the pharmacological approach to managing seizures in SARS-CoV-2 patients and associated outcomes. Methods: A systematic review of case reports on the incidence of seizures following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients that reported use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in management was performed by using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines. Databases used included EMBASE, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Data was presented as qualitative and descriptive data. Results: In total, 67 articles were selected for full-text assessment, of which 18 were included in the final review. Patients had a median age of 54 years, most of whom were male. Remdisivir, dexamethasone, Laninamivir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and Lopinavir-ritonavir were common agents used in the management of COVID-19. Most patients presented with either generalized tonic-clonic seizures or status epilepticus. Most patients received levetiracetam as drug choice or as part of their regimen. Other AEDs commonly prescribed included midazolam and sodium valproate. Some patients received no antiepileptic drug therapy. Most of the patients who died had more than one comorbidity. Also, most of the patients who died received COVID-19 treatment drugs. None of the patients who received midazolam as drug choice or as part of their regimen developed recurrent seizures in contrast to patients who received levetiracetam and sodium valproate as drug choice or as part of their regimen. Interestingly, none of the patients who received no AEDs suffered recurrent seizures or died. Conclusions: Standard guidelines for managing seizures in COVID-19 patients may be required. A limitation of this review is that it involved the use of case reports with no controls and a small number of patients.https://openresearchafrica.org/articles/4-29/v2SARS-CoV-2 neurological symptoms levetiracetam status epilepticus epilepsyeng
spellingShingle Priscilla Kolibea Mante
John-Paul Omuojine
Nana Ofori Adomako
Paulina Antwi
Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Open Research Africa
SARS-CoV-2
neurological symptoms
levetiracetam
status epilepticus
epilepsy
eng
title Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
title_full Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
title_fullStr Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
title_short Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
title_sort pharmacological management of seizures in patients with covid 19 a systematic review version 2 peer review 2 approved
topic SARS-CoV-2
neurological symptoms
levetiracetam
status epilepticus
epilepsy
eng
url https://openresearchafrica.org/articles/4-29/v2
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AT nanaoforiadomako pharmacologicalmanagementofseizuresinpatientswithcovid19asystematicreviewversion2peerreview2approved
AT paulinaantwi pharmacologicalmanagementofseizuresinpatientswithcovid19asystematicreviewversion2peerreview2approved