Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology treatment paradigm, and CAR-T cell therapy in particular represents a significant milestone in treating hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, tumor resistance due to target heterogeneity or mutation remains a Gordian knot for immunotherapy....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Hematology & Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-025-01701-6 |
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| _version_ | 1849434285844463616 |
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| author | Hongzhuo Qin Zhaokai Zhou Run Shi Yumiao Mai Yudi Xu Fu Peng Guangyang Cheng Pengpeng Zhang Wenjie Chen Yun Chen Yajun Chen Ran Xu Qiong Lu |
| author_facet | Hongzhuo Qin Zhaokai Zhou Run Shi Yumiao Mai Yudi Xu Fu Peng Guangyang Cheng Pengpeng Zhang Wenjie Chen Yun Chen Yajun Chen Ran Xu Qiong Lu |
| author_sort | Hongzhuo Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology treatment paradigm, and CAR-T cell therapy in particular represents a significant milestone in treating hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, tumor resistance due to target heterogeneity or mutation remains a Gordian knot for immunotherapy. This review elucidates molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of next-generation immunotherapeutic tools spanning genetically engineered immune cells, multi-specific antibodies, and cell engagers, emphasizing multi-targeting strategies to enhance personalized immunotherapy efficacy. Development of logic gate modulation-based circuits, adapter-mediated CARs, multi-specific antibodies, and cell engagers could minimize adverse effects while recognizing tumor signals. Ultimately, we highlight gene delivery, gene editing, and other technologies facilitating tailored immunotherapy, and discuss the promising prospects of artificial intelligence in gene-edited immune cells. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8c9601b5946f4c42b7939d55b0ecbda6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-8722 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Hematology & Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8c9601b5946f4c42b7939d55b0ecbda62025-08-20T03:26:43ZengBMCJournal of Hematology & Oncology1756-87222025-06-0118116010.1186/s13045-025-01701-6Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospectsHongzhuo Qin0Zhaokai Zhou1Run Shi2Yumiao Mai3Yudi Xu4Fu Peng5Guangyang Cheng6Pengpeng Zhang7Wenjie Chen8Yun Chen9Yajun Chen10Ran Xu11Qiong Lu12Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityDepartment of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Immunotherapy has revolutionized the oncology treatment paradigm, and CAR-T cell therapy in particular represents a significant milestone in treating hematological malignancies. Nevertheless, tumor resistance due to target heterogeneity or mutation remains a Gordian knot for immunotherapy. This review elucidates molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential of next-generation immunotherapeutic tools spanning genetically engineered immune cells, multi-specific antibodies, and cell engagers, emphasizing multi-targeting strategies to enhance personalized immunotherapy efficacy. Development of logic gate modulation-based circuits, adapter-mediated CARs, multi-specific antibodies, and cell engagers could minimize adverse effects while recognizing tumor signals. Ultimately, we highlight gene delivery, gene editing, and other technologies facilitating tailored immunotherapy, and discuss the promising prospects of artificial intelligence in gene-edited immune cells.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-025-01701-6Chimeric antigen receptorMulti-targetsLogic gateAdapter CARGene deliveryGene editing |
| spellingShingle | Hongzhuo Qin Zhaokai Zhou Run Shi Yumiao Mai Yudi Xu Fu Peng Guangyang Cheng Pengpeng Zhang Wenjie Chen Yun Chen Yajun Chen Ran Xu Qiong Lu Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects Journal of Hematology & Oncology Chimeric antigen receptor Multi-targets Logic gate Adapter CAR Gene delivery Gene editing |
| title | Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects |
| title_full | Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects |
| title_fullStr | Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects |
| title_short | Insights into next-generation immunotherapy designs and tools: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects |
| title_sort | insights into next generation immunotherapy designs and tools molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects |
| topic | Chimeric antigen receptor Multi-targets Logic gate Adapter CAR Gene delivery Gene editing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-025-01701-6 |
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