Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction The quality of the blastocyst (day 5/6 embryo) selected for transfer is critical for the success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Embryologists perform blastocyst evaluation by observing the morphology of each blastocyst. Human assessment is subjective and inconsistent in pred...

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Main Authors: Lei Chen, Yu Sun, Shanshan Wang, Chen Sun, Hang Liu, Guanqiao Shan, Haixiang Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e099631.full
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author Lei Chen
Yu Sun
Shanshan Wang
Chen Sun
Hang Liu
Guanqiao Shan
Haixiang Sun
author_facet Lei Chen
Yu Sun
Shanshan Wang
Chen Sun
Hang Liu
Guanqiao Shan
Haixiang Sun
author_sort Lei Chen
collection DOAJ
description Introduction The quality of the blastocyst (day 5/6 embryo) selected for transfer is critical for the success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Embryologists perform blastocyst evaluation by observing the morphology of each blastocyst. Human assessment is subjective and inconsistent in predicting which blastocyst can result in a successful pregnancy or birth. Several artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed to predict IVF outcomes from blastocyst images. However, the reasoning processes of these AI methods are uninterpretable, causing epistemic and ethical concerns that prevent their implementation in clinical practice. To address this issue, the authors developed a novel interpretable AI method for blastocyst selection. The method is clinically applicable because it is transparent to embryologists and allows them to understand its reasoning processes. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the effectiveness of this blastocyst selection method with the aim of improving IVF outcomes.Methods and analysis In this single-centre, single-blind RCT, we will enrol 1100 women aged 20–35 years undergoing their first cycle of IVF, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The study will be conducted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a public class A tertiary hospital in China. On the fifth day of embryo culture, participants with two or more usable blastocysts will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the conventional morphology group or the AI group. The primary outcome is ongoing pregnancy, defined as a viable intrauterine pregnancy of 12 weeks gestation or more.Ethics and dissemination The research ethics committee of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital approved this study (approval number: 2023-259-02). All participants will provide written informed consent prior to enrolment. The findings will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300076851.
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spelling doaj-art-8c7740d237044bbc9ce511d5ff0a691c2025-08-20T03:49:56ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552025-07-0115710.1136/bmjopen-2025-099631Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trialLei Chen0Yu Sun1Shanshan Wang2Chen Sun3Hang Liu4Guanqiao Shan5Haixiang Sun6Center for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaCenter for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaCenter for Reproductive Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaIntroduction The quality of the blastocyst (day 5/6 embryo) selected for transfer is critical for the success of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment. Embryologists perform blastocyst evaluation by observing the morphology of each blastocyst. Human assessment is subjective and inconsistent in predicting which blastocyst can result in a successful pregnancy or birth. Several artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been proposed to predict IVF outcomes from blastocyst images. However, the reasoning processes of these AI methods are uninterpretable, causing epistemic and ethical concerns that prevent their implementation in clinical practice. To address this issue, the authors developed a novel interpretable AI method for blastocyst selection. The method is clinically applicable because it is transparent to embryologists and allows them to understand its reasoning processes. This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aims to test the effectiveness of this blastocyst selection method with the aim of improving IVF outcomes.Methods and analysis In this single-centre, single-blind RCT, we will enrol 1100 women aged 20–35 years undergoing their first cycle of IVF, with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The study will be conducted at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a public class A tertiary hospital in China. On the fifth day of embryo culture, participants with two or more usable blastocysts will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to either the conventional morphology group or the AI group. The primary outcome is ongoing pregnancy, defined as a viable intrauterine pregnancy of 12 weeks gestation or more.Ethics and dissemination The research ethics committee of the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital approved this study (approval number: 2023-259-02). All participants will provide written informed consent prior to enrolment. The findings will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration number ChiCTR2300076851.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e099631.full
spellingShingle Lei Chen
Yu Sun
Shanshan Wang
Chen Sun
Hang Liu
Guanqiao Shan
Haixiang Sun
Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
BMJ Open
title Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
title_full Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
title_fullStr Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
title_short Blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
title_sort blastocyst selection through an interpretable artificial intelligence method versus traditional morphology grading study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/7/e099631.full
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