Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach

The monitoring and measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO), plays a significant role in industrial effluent, and disposal of effluents has been a serious challenge to researchers. Aeration is the primary step in effluent treatment. The basic method for determining DO is direct measurement. This study h...

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Main Authors: J. Sumathi, P. Aravind, G. Gandhimathi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-01-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624000043
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author J. Sumathi
P. Aravind
G. Gandhimathi
author_facet J. Sumathi
P. Aravind
G. Gandhimathi
author_sort J. Sumathi
collection DOAJ
description The monitoring and measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO), plays a significant role in industrial effluent, and disposal of effluents has been a serious challenge to researchers. Aeration is the primary step in effluent treatment. The basic method for determining DO is direct measurement. This study has been carried out in effluent from the paper industry to estimate the performance of dissolved oxygen in a semi-batch lark hygiene fermenter and was oxygenated till saturation at 25 °C under real-time study. This study has been carried out using Multi-Layered Feed Forward Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (ML-FFBPANN) and the experimental results were optimized with fourteen different machine learning algorithms such as Polak-Ribiere Conjugate Gradient (CGP), Conjugate Gradient with Powell/Beale Restarts (CGB), Bayesian Regularization (BR), Gradient Descent (GD), BFGS Quasi-Newton (BFG), GD with Momentum (GDM), Gaussian Discriminate Analysis(GDA), Fletcher-Powell Conjugate Gradient (CGF), Resilient Backpropagation (RP), Variable Learning Rate Gradient Descent (GDX), One Step Secant (OSS), Regression (R), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Scaled Conjugate Gradient(SCG). Parameters Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R-square) were used to evaluate the performance of each model and mathematical modeling for correlation co-efficient of all algorithms are also presented. LM and R are the best algorithms but the ML-FFBPANN-LM algorithm provided the best optimization results of maximum correlation co-efficient. LM algorithm produced a maximum correlation coefficient under training (0.99818), testing (0.99351), valediction (1.0), and an overall correlation coefficient be 0.9568. From the study, it can be concluded that the ML-FFBPANN with LM algorithm can be used in the aeration process in effluent treatment for analysis and prediction of process parameters.
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spelling doaj-art-8c752d253fcc4da499cc330700f9646e2025-08-20T03:11:30ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862024-01-0131710000410.1016/j.dwt.2024.100004Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approachJ. Sumathi0P. Aravind1G. Gandhimathi2The Institution of Engineers (India) [IEI], Thanjavur Zone, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Mattu University, Mattu, Ethiopia.; corresponding author.Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM TRP Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, IndiaThe monitoring and measurement of dissolved oxygen (DO), plays a significant role in industrial effluent, and disposal of effluents has been a serious challenge to researchers. Aeration is the primary step in effluent treatment. The basic method for determining DO is direct measurement. This study has been carried out in effluent from the paper industry to estimate the performance of dissolved oxygen in a semi-batch lark hygiene fermenter and was oxygenated till saturation at 25 °C under real-time study. This study has been carried out using Multi-Layered Feed Forward Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (ML-FFBPANN) and the experimental results were optimized with fourteen different machine learning algorithms such as Polak-Ribiere Conjugate Gradient (CGP), Conjugate Gradient with Powell/Beale Restarts (CGB), Bayesian Regularization (BR), Gradient Descent (GD), BFGS Quasi-Newton (BFG), GD with Momentum (GDM), Gaussian Discriminate Analysis(GDA), Fletcher-Powell Conjugate Gradient (CGF), Resilient Backpropagation (RP), Variable Learning Rate Gradient Descent (GDX), One Step Secant (OSS), Regression (R), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), Scaled Conjugate Gradient(SCG). Parameters Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (R-square) were used to evaluate the performance of each model and mathematical modeling for correlation co-efficient of all algorithms are also presented. LM and R are the best algorithms but the ML-FFBPANN-LM algorithm provided the best optimization results of maximum correlation co-efficient. LM algorithm produced a maximum correlation coefficient under training (0.99818), testing (0.99351), valediction (1.0), and an overall correlation coefficient be 0.9568. From the study, it can be concluded that the ML-FFBPANN with LM algorithm can be used in the aeration process in effluent treatment for analysis and prediction of process parameters.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624000043Artificial neural networkMachine learning algorithmsDissolved oxygenPaper industry effluentRegression analysisDissolved oxygen parameter
spellingShingle J. Sumathi
P. Aravind
G. Gandhimathi
Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach
Desalination and Water Treatment
Artificial neural network
Machine learning algorithms
Dissolved oxygen
Paper industry effluent
Regression analysis
Dissolved oxygen parameter
title Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach
title_full Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach
title_fullStr Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach
title_full_unstemmed Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach
title_short Smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi-batch fermenters: A machine learning approach
title_sort smart solutions for dissolved oxygen control in semi batch fermenters a machine learning approach
topic Artificial neural network
Machine learning algorithms
Dissolved oxygen
Paper industry effluent
Regression analysis
Dissolved oxygen parameter
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624000043
work_keys_str_mv AT jsumathi smartsolutionsfordissolvedoxygencontrolinsemibatchfermentersamachinelearningapproach
AT paravind smartsolutionsfordissolvedoxygencontrolinsemibatchfermentersamachinelearningapproach
AT ggandhimathi smartsolutionsfordissolvedoxygencontrolinsemibatchfermentersamachinelearningapproach