Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions

Abstract Phytochemical characterization, and biological assessment of the neuroprotective activities of Achillea santolina L. methanolic extract (AS), its methylene chloride fraction (MF), butanol fraction (BF) and their isolated compounds were investigated. Twenty-two compounds were identified and...

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Main Authors: Passent M. Abdel-Baki, Nariman E. Mahdy, Rana M. Ibrahim, Shymaa A. El Badawy, Sara E. Ali, Marwa A. Ibrahim, Marwa S. Khattab, Ahmed A. El-Rashedy, Shimaa R. Emam
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98887-z
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author Passent M. Abdel-Baki
Nariman E. Mahdy
Rana M. Ibrahim
Shymaa A. El Badawy
Sara E. Ali
Marwa A. Ibrahim
Marwa S. Khattab
Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
Shimaa R. Emam
author_facet Passent M. Abdel-Baki
Nariman E. Mahdy
Rana M. Ibrahim
Shymaa A. El Badawy
Sara E. Ali
Marwa A. Ibrahim
Marwa S. Khattab
Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
Shimaa R. Emam
author_sort Passent M. Abdel-Baki
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Phytochemical characterization, and biological assessment of the neuroprotective activities of Achillea santolina L. methanolic extract (AS), its methylene chloride fraction (MF), butanol fraction (BF) and their isolated compounds were investigated. Twenty-two compounds were identified and quantified in AS using HPLC. Luteolin and kaempferol were isolated from MF. Isovitexin and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside were isolated from BF. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was determined by employing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory assays. Neuroprotective activities of AS, MF and BF were investigated against monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced neurotoxicity in rats. Brain damage amended significantly as indicated by the decreased lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor. Brain oxidative status was restored as indicated by increased glutathione and decreased lipid peroxidation. AS, MF and BF markedly attenuated histopathological alterations in cerebral cortex and downregulated expression of COX-2, IL-1B, IL-10 genes. The affinity of the isolated compounds for Human Heme Oxygenase-1, 5-LOX, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein and COX-2 was studied. Molecular dynamics simulation and ADME study proved that isovitexin has stable conformations and binding patterns with the active sites of the studied enzymes. For the first time, the neuroprotective potential of AS, fractions and isolated compounds was determined supported by anti-inflammatory study.
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spelling doaj-art-8c6b0f30a749491daefdaeb5cc2dac772025-08-20T01:49:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-98887-zPhytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractionsPassent M. Abdel-Baki0Nariman E. Mahdy1Rana M. Ibrahim2Shymaa A. El Badawy3Sara E. Ali4Marwa A. Ibrahim5Marwa S. Khattab6Ahmed A. El-Rashedy7Shimaa R. Emam8Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityChemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center (NRC)Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo UniversityAbstract Phytochemical characterization, and biological assessment of the neuroprotective activities of Achillea santolina L. methanolic extract (AS), its methylene chloride fraction (MF), butanol fraction (BF) and their isolated compounds were investigated. Twenty-two compounds were identified and quantified in AS using HPLC. Luteolin and kaempferol were isolated from MF. Isovitexin and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside were isolated from BF. The anti-inflammatory activity of the isolated compounds was determined by employing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory assays. Neuroprotective activities of AS, MF and BF were investigated against monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced neurotoxicity in rats. Brain damage amended significantly as indicated by the decreased lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor. Brain oxidative status was restored as indicated by increased glutathione and decreased lipid peroxidation. AS, MF and BF markedly attenuated histopathological alterations in cerebral cortex and downregulated expression of COX-2, IL-1B, IL-10 genes. The affinity of the isolated compounds for Human Heme Oxygenase-1, 5-LOX, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein and COX-2 was studied. Molecular dynamics simulation and ADME study proved that isovitexin has stable conformations and binding patterns with the active sites of the studied enzymes. For the first time, the neuroprotective potential of AS, fractions and isolated compounds was determined supported by anti-inflammatory study.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98887-zAchillea santolinaHPLCDockingInflammationMonosodium glutamateADME
spellingShingle Passent M. Abdel-Baki
Nariman E. Mahdy
Rana M. Ibrahim
Shymaa A. El Badawy
Sara E. Ali
Marwa A. Ibrahim
Marwa S. Khattab
Ahmed A. El-Rashedy
Shimaa R. Emam
Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions
Scientific Reports
Achillea santolina
HPLC
Docking
Inflammation
Monosodium glutamate
ADME
title Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions
title_full Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions
title_fullStr Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions
title_short Phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of Achillea santolina L. fractions
title_sort phytochemical analysis and neuroprotective potential of achillea santolina l fractions
topic Achillea santolina
HPLC
Docking
Inflammation
Monosodium glutamate
ADME
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-98887-z
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