RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS
International relations scholars have increasingly debated the evolving landscape of actors that challenge the traditional state-centric world order. A key element of this transformation is the rise of sub-state actors, which engages in alternative diplomacy parallel to the state, transcending trad...
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UUM Press
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of International Studies |
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| Online Access: | https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23115 |
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| author | Inass Abdulsada Ali |
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| author_sort | Inass Abdulsada Ali |
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International relations scholars have increasingly debated the evolving landscape of actors that challenge the traditional state-centric world order. A key element of this transformation is the rise of sub-state actors, which engages in alternative diplomacy parallel to the state, transcending traditional state-centric frameworks. This paper explores the significant shifts in international actorness over the late 20th century, focusing on the emergence and implications of sub-state diplomacy, or "paradiplomacy." First, the study introduces sub-state actors and their role in challenging the dominant state-centric discourse. It then examines the dynamic evolution of paradiplomacy, highlighting how sub-states have expanded their global engagement, the opportunities this presents, and the potential threats it poses. Through a multi-scalar analysis, the paper critically assesses paradiplomacy's impact on long-held beliefs about regions, states, actors, and the international political system. Furthermore, the study shows how states can leverage their sub-national entities to deal with problems that threaten their sovereignty and global standing. The findings suggest that both the state and sub-state actors can engage in ambitious international activities, fostering greater global cooperation within the complexities of modern governance and competition.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8c65dfc9dd604b82893d7b4a826c6f83 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1823-691X 2289-666X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | UUM Press |
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| series | Journal of International Studies |
| spelling | doaj-art-8c65dfc9dd604b82893d7b4a826c6f832025-08-20T02:15:16ZengUUM PressJournal of International Studies1823-691X2289-666X2025-04-0121110.32890/jis2025.21.1.1RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONSInass Abdulsada Ali0University of Baghdad, College of Political Science, Department of International Studies Baghdad, Iraq International relations scholars have increasingly debated the evolving landscape of actors that challenge the traditional state-centric world order. A key element of this transformation is the rise of sub-state actors, which engages in alternative diplomacy parallel to the state, transcending traditional state-centric frameworks. This paper explores the significant shifts in international actorness over the late 20th century, focusing on the emergence and implications of sub-state diplomacy, or "paradiplomacy." First, the study introduces sub-state actors and their role in challenging the dominant state-centric discourse. It then examines the dynamic evolution of paradiplomacy, highlighting how sub-states have expanded their global engagement, the opportunities this presents, and the potential threats it poses. Through a multi-scalar analysis, the paper critically assesses paradiplomacy's impact on long-held beliefs about regions, states, actors, and the international political system. Furthermore, the study shows how states can leverage their sub-national entities to deal with problems that threaten their sovereignty and global standing. The findings suggest that both the state and sub-state actors can engage in ambitious international activities, fostering greater global cooperation within the complexities of modern governance and competition. https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23115Decentralizationsub-national governmentpower-sharingparadiplomacyinternational relations |
| spellingShingle | Inass Abdulsada Ali RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS Journal of International Studies Decentralization sub-national government power-sharing paradiplomacy international relations |
| title | RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS |
| title_full | RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS |
| title_fullStr | RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS |
| title_full_unstemmed | RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS |
| title_short | RESHAPING THE WORLD, RETHINKING ACTORS: THE ROLE OF SUB-STATE ACTORS IN FOREIGN RELATIONS |
| title_sort | reshaping the world rethinking actors the role of sub state actors in foreign relations |
| topic | Decentralization sub-national government power-sharing paradiplomacy international relations |
| url | https://e-journal.uum.edu.my/index.php/jis/article/view/23115 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT inassabdulsadaali reshapingtheworldrethinkingactorstheroleofsubstateactorsinforeignrelations |