The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma
Asthma is defined as a chronic respiratory disease, the processes of which are mainly related to the hyperreactivity of the immune system. Airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling are other hallmarks of asthma that are strongly involved in the progression of the disease. Moreover, asthma is associa...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/996 |
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| author | Paulina Plewa Julia Pokwicka Estera Bakinowska Kajetan Kiełbowski Andrzej Pawlik |
| author_facet | Paulina Plewa Julia Pokwicka Estera Bakinowska Kajetan Kiełbowski Andrzej Pawlik |
| author_sort | Paulina Plewa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Asthma is defined as a chronic respiratory disease, the processes of which are mainly related to the hyperreactivity of the immune system. Airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling are other hallmarks of asthma that are strongly involved in the progression of the disease. Moreover, asthma is associated with the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and a high profile of T2-type cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. The hyperresponsiveness of the immune system is a consequence of aberrant levels of alarmins, endogenous molecules that induce pro-inflammatory responses. They are released as a result of a defect or cell death, leading to the initiation of an inflammatory reaction. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, interleukin-33 (IL-33), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 bind to various receptors, influencing the behavior of immune cells, resulting in stimulated migration and activation of these cells. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of asthma. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8c58d9d1cf794bc5915f66edc7e3eebd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-8c58d9d1cf794bc5915f66edc7e3eebd2025-08-20T03:58:27ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-07-0115799610.3390/biom15070996The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of AsthmaPaulina Plewa0Julia Pokwicka1Estera Bakinowska2Kajetan Kiełbowski3Andrzej Pawlik4Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandAsthma is defined as a chronic respiratory disease, the processes of which are mainly related to the hyperreactivity of the immune system. Airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling are other hallmarks of asthma that are strongly involved in the progression of the disease. Moreover, asthma is associated with the occurrence of atopic dermatitis, chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, and a high profile of T2-type cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. The hyperresponsiveness of the immune system is a consequence of aberrant levels of alarmins, endogenous molecules that induce pro-inflammatory responses. They are released as a result of a defect or cell death, leading to the initiation of an inflammatory reaction. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), S100 proteins, interleukin-33 (IL-33), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and IL-25 bind to various receptors, influencing the behavior of immune cells, resulting in stimulated migration and activation of these cells. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of asthma.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/996asthmaalarminsHMGB1S100 proteinsinterleukin-33 |
| spellingShingle | Paulina Plewa Julia Pokwicka Estera Bakinowska Kajetan Kiełbowski Andrzej Pawlik The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma Biomolecules asthma alarmins HMGB1 S100 proteins interleukin-33 |
| title | The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma |
| title_full | The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma |
| title_short | The Role of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis of Asthma |
| title_sort | role of alarmins in the pathogenesis of asthma |
| topic | asthma alarmins HMGB1 S100 proteins interleukin-33 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/7/996 |
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