A Galaxy with an Extremely Blue Ultraviolet Slope β = −3 at z = 9.25 Identified by JWST Spectroscopy: Evidence for a Weak Nebular Continuum and Efficient Ionizing Photon Escape?

We investigate UV continuum slopes β of 863 galaxies at 4 <  z  < 14 using archival JWST/NIRSpec PRISM spectra obtained from major JWST Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO), Early Release Science (ERS), and General Observers (GO) programs, including JADES, CEERS, and UNCOVER. Among these galaxie...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hiroto Yanagisawa, Masami Ouchi, Kimihiko Nakajima, Yuichi Harikane, Seiji Fujimoto, Yoshiaki Ono, Hiroya Umeda, Minami Nakane, Hidenobu Yajima, Hajime Fukushima, Yi Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adcecd
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:We investigate UV continuum slopes β of 863 galaxies at 4 <  z  < 14 using archival JWST/NIRSpec PRISM spectra obtained from major JWST Guaranteed Time Observations (GTO), Early Release Science (ERS), and General Observers (GO) programs, including JADES, CEERS, and UNCOVER. Among these galaxies, we identify a remarkable galaxy at z  = 9.25, dubbed extremely blue galaxy 1 (EBG-1), with a significantly blue UV slope β  = −2.99 ± 0.15, unlike the rest of the galaxies that exhibit red continua or ambiguous blue continua hindered by large uncertainties. We confirm that the β value negligibly changes by the data reduction and fitting wavelength ranges for UV emission/absorption line masking. The extreme blue slope, β  = −3.0, rules out significant contributions from dust extinction or AGN activity. Comparing with stellar and nebular emission models, we find that such a blue UV slope cannot be reproduced solely by stellar models even with very young, metal-poor, or top-heavy contiguous star formation associated with strong nebular continua making the UV slopes red, but with a high ionizing photon escape fraction, ${f}_{{\rm{esc}}}^{{\rm{ion}}}\gtrsim 0.5$ , for a weak nebular continuum. While the H β emission line is not detected, likely due to the limited sensitivity of the spectrum, we find moderately weak [O iii ] λλ 4959,5007 emission lines for the given star formation rate (3 M _⊙ yr ^−1 ) and stellar mass (10 ^8.0 M _⊙ ) that are about 3 times weaker than the average emission lines, again suggestive of the high ionizing photon escape fraction, ${f}_{{\rm{esc}}}^{{\rm{ion}}}\sim 0.7$ or more. EBG-1 would provide crucial insights into stellar and nebular continuum emission in high-redshift galaxies, serving as an example of the ionizing photon escaping site at the epoch of reionization.
ISSN:1538-4357