The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review aims to examine and synthesize the existing literature regarding gluteus maximus (GMax) hypertrophy as a result of dynamic exercises that incorporate hip extension with external resistance. A comprehensive search was undertaken across the following databases: PubMed/Medline, S...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1542334/full |
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| author | Walter Krause Neto Thaís Lima Vieira Krause Thaís Lima Vieira Krause Eliane Florencio Gama |
| author_facet | Walter Krause Neto Thaís Lima Vieira Krause Thaís Lima Vieira Krause Eliane Florencio Gama |
| author_sort | Walter Krause Neto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This systematic review aims to examine and synthesize the existing literature regarding gluteus maximus (GMax) hypertrophy as a result of dynamic exercises that incorporate hip extension with external resistance. A comprehensive search was undertaken across the following databases: PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Twelve articles met the established inclusion criteria, leading to the subsequent key findings: 1) resistance training exhibits a moderate effect on GMax hypertrophy (11 studies, SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.50, 0.91], p < 0.00001, I2 = 22%); 2) subgroup analyses of single (seven studies, SMD 0.74, 95% CI [0.36, 1.13], p = 0.0001, I2 = 52%) and combined (six studies, SMD 0.68, 95% CI [0.44, 0.92], p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) training protocols have demonstrated moderate effects; 3) when emphasizing GMax hypertrophy at the expense of other muscle groups, single exercises, such as the barbell hip thrust, should be prioritized; 4) back squats performed in parallel or full range of motion significantly enhance GMax hypertrophy; 5) leg press machines and kneeling hip extensions can also facilitate increased GMax hypertrophy; 6) training programs that incorporate combined hip extension exercises, whether single-joint or multi-joint, significantly promote an increase in GMax hypertrophy. This study concludes that a variety of exercises—whether focused on a specific joint (single-joint) or encompassing multiple joints (multi-joint)—can effectively stimulate GMax hypertrophy, whether executed individually or in combination. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8c0cc5a6bbb14c819ded24a5e658765b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1664-042X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Physiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8c0cc5a6bbb14c819ded24a5e658765b2025-08-20T03:05:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physiology1664-042X2025-04-011610.3389/fphys.2025.15423341542334The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysisWalter Krause Neto0Thaís Lima Vieira Krause1Thaís Lima Vieira Krause2Eliane Florencio Gama3Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilMilitary Fire Brigade Group of the Federal District, Brasilia, DF, BrazilDepartment of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilThis systematic review aims to examine and synthesize the existing literature regarding gluteus maximus (GMax) hypertrophy as a result of dynamic exercises that incorporate hip extension with external resistance. A comprehensive search was undertaken across the following databases: PubMed/Medline, SportDiscuss, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Twelve articles met the established inclusion criteria, leading to the subsequent key findings: 1) resistance training exhibits a moderate effect on GMax hypertrophy (11 studies, SMD 0.71, 95% CI [0.50, 0.91], p < 0.00001, I2 = 22%); 2) subgroup analyses of single (seven studies, SMD 0.74, 95% CI [0.36, 1.13], p = 0.0001, I2 = 52%) and combined (six studies, SMD 0.68, 95% CI [0.44, 0.92], p < 0.00001, I2 = 0%) training protocols have demonstrated moderate effects; 3) when emphasizing GMax hypertrophy at the expense of other muscle groups, single exercises, such as the barbell hip thrust, should be prioritized; 4) back squats performed in parallel or full range of motion significantly enhance GMax hypertrophy; 5) leg press machines and kneeling hip extensions can also facilitate increased GMax hypertrophy; 6) training programs that incorporate combined hip extension exercises, whether single-joint or multi-joint, significantly promote an increase in GMax hypertrophy. This study concludes that a variety of exercises—whether focused on a specific joint (single-joint) or encompassing multiple joints (multi-joint)—can effectively stimulate GMax hypertrophy, whether executed individually or in combination.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1542334/fullresistance trainingskeletal musclehipmuscle massexercise |
| spellingShingle | Walter Krause Neto Thaís Lima Vieira Krause Thaís Lima Vieira Krause Eliane Florencio Gama The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis Frontiers in Physiology resistance training skeletal muscle hip muscle mass exercise |
| title | The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | The impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | impact of resistance training on gluteus maximus hypertrophy a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | resistance training skeletal muscle hip muscle mass exercise |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1542334/full |
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