Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect

Heat removal, maximizing torque, minimizing losses, volume, cost, and temperature effect play essential roles in electrical vehicle applications. An inner-rotor consequent-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (CPPMSM) merits suitable losses, cost, and heat rejection. Hence, first, a two-dimensi...

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Main Authors: Alireza Hosseinpour, Ahmed Abbas, Mahmoud Oukati Sadegh, Atif Iqbal, Aymen Flah, Lukas Prokop, Enas Ali, Ramy N. R. Ghaly
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2024-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10568940/
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author Alireza Hosseinpour
Ahmed Abbas
Mahmoud Oukati Sadegh
Atif Iqbal
Aymen Flah
Lukas Prokop
Enas Ali
Ramy N. R. Ghaly
author_facet Alireza Hosseinpour
Ahmed Abbas
Mahmoud Oukati Sadegh
Atif Iqbal
Aymen Flah
Lukas Prokop
Enas Ali
Ramy N. R. Ghaly
author_sort Alireza Hosseinpour
collection DOAJ
description Heat removal, maximizing torque, minimizing losses, volume, cost, and temperature effect play essential roles in electrical vehicle applications. An inner-rotor consequent-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (CPPMSM) merits suitable losses, cost, and heat rejection. Hence, first, a two-dimensional model of CPPMSM is explained based on solving Maxwell’s equations in all regions of the machine. Then, all the components of torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic forces in the direction of the X-axis and Y-axis and their magnitudes are calculated. Afterward, the overload capability and the torque-speed characteristic are determined based on the average torque. Therefore, to maximize the torque/volume ratio, four metaheuristic optimization algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Teaching Learn Base Optimization (TLBO), have been implemented, and the mentioned index is optimized. Since the said algorithms usually can minimize, its inverse is minimized instead of the index mentioned above being maximized. At this stage, the effect of three types of magnetization patterns, i.e., radial, parallel, and bar magnet in shifting, is also considered. The flux density of the permanent magnet changes concerning temperature. Finally, the effect of these changes on cogging, reluctance, and instantaneous torque, as well as back-EMF, unbalance magnetic force (UMF), torque-speed characteristic, and overload capability diagram, will be analyzed. The simulation was performed using MATLAB software.
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spelling doaj-art-8bfd04a3c3044ee3a59d2fb4d758ddad2025-08-20T03:46:53ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011210885110886210.1109/ACCESS.2024.341803110568940Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature EffectAlireza Hosseinpour0Ahmed Abbas1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2751-7937Mahmoud Oukati Sadegh2Atif Iqbal3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6932-4367Aymen Flah4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-6096Lukas Prokop5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-5499Enas Ali6Ramy N. R. Ghaly7Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, IranFaculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, QatarNational Engineering School of Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabès, TunisiaENET Centre, VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech RepublicUniversity Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, IndiaMinistry of Higher Education, Mataria Technical College, Cairo, EgyptHeat removal, maximizing torque, minimizing losses, volume, cost, and temperature effect play essential roles in electrical vehicle applications. An inner-rotor consequent-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine (CPPMSM) merits suitable losses, cost, and heat rejection. Hence, first, a two-dimensional model of CPPMSM is explained based on solving Maxwell’s equations in all regions of the machine. Then, all the components of torque, back-EMF, inductance, and unbalanced magnetic forces in the direction of the X-axis and Y-axis and their magnitudes are calculated. Afterward, the overload capability and the torque-speed characteristic are determined based on the average torque. Therefore, to maximize the torque/volume ratio, four metaheuristic optimization algorithms, including Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evolution (DE), and Teaching Learn Base Optimization (TLBO), have been implemented, and the mentioned index is optimized. Since the said algorithms usually can minimize, its inverse is minimized instead of the index mentioned above being maximized. At this stage, the effect of three types of magnetization patterns, i.e., radial, parallel, and bar magnet in shifting, is also considered. The flux density of the permanent magnet changes concerning temperature. Finally, the effect of these changes on cogging, reluctance, and instantaneous torque, as well as back-EMF, unbalance magnetic force (UMF), torque-speed characteristic, and overload capability diagram, will be analyzed. The simulation was performed using MATLAB software.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10568940/INDEX TERMS Electric vehiclemagnetization patternmeta-heuristic optimization algorithmstemperature impact
spellingShingle Alireza Hosseinpour
Ahmed Abbas
Mahmoud Oukati Sadegh
Atif Iqbal
Aymen Flah
Lukas Prokop
Enas Ali
Ramy N. R. Ghaly
Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect
IEEE Access
INDEX TERMS Electric vehicle
magnetization pattern
meta-heuristic optimization algorithms
temperature impact
title Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect
title_full Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect
title_fullStr Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect
title_full_unstemmed Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect
title_short Optimal Structure to Maximize Torque per Volume for the Consequent-Pole PMSM and Investigating the Temperature Effect
title_sort optimal structure to maximize torque per volume for the consequent pole pmsm and investigating the temperature effect
topic INDEX TERMS Electric vehicle
magnetization pattern
meta-heuristic optimization algorithms
temperature impact
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10568940/
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