Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract

IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that mainly causes joint damage. The patient experiences loss of appetite, pain, fever, and fatigue. The present study was designed to phytochemically characterize and evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of green-synthesized copper oxide (Cu...

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Main Authors: Mahrukh Babar, Bilal Aslam, Muhammad Naeem Faisal, Abdul Malik, Suhail Akhtar, Sabiha Fatima, Wafa Majeed, Asher Umer, Muhammad Akmal Farooq
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1474592/full
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author Mahrukh Babar
Bilal Aslam
Muhammad Naeem Faisal
Abdul Malik
Suhail Akhtar
Sabiha Fatima
Wafa Majeed
Asher Umer
Muhammad Akmal Farooq
author_facet Mahrukh Babar
Bilal Aslam
Muhammad Naeem Faisal
Abdul Malik
Suhail Akhtar
Sabiha Fatima
Wafa Majeed
Asher Umer
Muhammad Akmal Farooq
author_sort Mahrukh Babar
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that mainly causes joint damage. The patient experiences loss of appetite, pain, fever, and fatigue. The present study was designed to phytochemically characterize and evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of green-synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) using the hydroalcoholic extract of Bistorta amplexicaulis roots in an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model.Material and MethodsFor this purpose, crude powdered plant material was used for proximate analysis, and the plant extract was assessed for qualitative phytochemical analysis, mineral contents, and flavonoid and phenolic contents, as well as quantitative phytochemical analysis through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vitro antioxidant activity of both extracts was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The biosynthesized CuO NPs from the Bistorta amplexicaulis extract showed anti-arthritic activity due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols, which showed a pain reliever effect by blocking the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme and has immune suppressant activity, thus securing the joint from destruction. The nanoparticles were characterized by zeta size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FTIR spectroscopy. Forty-eight albino rats were divided randomly into six treatment groups.Results and DisscussionThe zeta size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 186.8 nm and −9.23 mV, respectively. Joint stiffness, spleen weight, thymus weight, and paw thickness showed a significant decrease after treatment with NPs. The hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin showed a significant increase, while platelets and white blood cells (WBCs) showed a significant decrease in NP-treated groups. C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), liver and kidney function biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed a significant decrease at both low and high doses of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. The final data were analyzed by one way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multi-comparison test.ConclusionSo, from this study, it was concluded that both the plant root extract and green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles have anti-arthritic potential, but CuO NPs showed remarkable results.
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spelling doaj-art-8bf7b60d4f5740dfbc84c28bf504ed8e2025-08-20T02:49:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122024-12-011510.3389/fphar.2024.14745921474592Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extractMahrukh Babar0Bilal Aslam1Muhammad Naeem Faisal2Abdul Malik3Suhail Akhtar4Sabiha Fatima5Wafa Majeed6Asher Umer7Muhammad Akmal Farooq8Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanInstitute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanInstitute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biochemistry, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, MO, United StatesDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanInstitute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, PakistanIntroductionRheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that mainly causes joint damage. The patient experiences loss of appetite, pain, fever, and fatigue. The present study was designed to phytochemically characterize and evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of green-synthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) using the hydroalcoholic extract of Bistorta amplexicaulis roots in an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model.Material and MethodsFor this purpose, crude powdered plant material was used for proximate analysis, and the plant extract was assessed for qualitative phytochemical analysis, mineral contents, and flavonoid and phenolic contents, as well as quantitative phytochemical analysis through reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vitro antioxidant activity of both extracts was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The biosynthesized CuO NPs from the Bistorta amplexicaulis extract showed anti-arthritic activity due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols, which showed a pain reliever effect by blocking the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme and has immune suppressant activity, thus securing the joint from destruction. The nanoparticles were characterized by zeta size, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FTIR spectroscopy. Forty-eight albino rats were divided randomly into six treatment groups.Results and DisscussionThe zeta size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 186.8 nm and −9.23 mV, respectively. Joint stiffness, spleen weight, thymus weight, and paw thickness showed a significant decrease after treatment with NPs. The hematological parameters such as red blood cells (RBCs) and hemoglobin showed a significant increase, while platelets and white blood cells (WBCs) showed a significant decrease in NP-treated groups. C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF), liver and kidney function biomarkers, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed a significant decrease at both low and high doses of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. The final data were analyzed by one way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s multi-comparison test.ConclusionSo, from this study, it was concluded that both the plant root extract and green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles have anti-arthritic potential, but CuO NPs showed remarkable results.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1474592/fullrheumatoid arthritisgreen synthesiscopper oxide nanoparticlesBistorta amplexicaulisanti-inflammatory activityphytochemical analysis
spellingShingle Mahrukh Babar
Bilal Aslam
Muhammad Naeem Faisal
Abdul Malik
Suhail Akhtar
Sabiha Fatima
Wafa Majeed
Asher Umer
Muhammad Akmal Farooq
Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
Frontiers in Pharmacology
rheumatoid arthritis
green synthesis
copper oxide nanoparticles
Bistorta amplexicaulis
anti-inflammatory activity
phytochemical analysis
title Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
title_full Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
title_fullStr Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
title_short Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
title_sort phytochemical characterization and anti arthritic potential of green synthesized cuo nanoparticles derived from the bistorta amplexicaulis root extract
topic rheumatoid arthritis
green synthesis
copper oxide nanoparticles
Bistorta amplexicaulis
anti-inflammatory activity
phytochemical analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1474592/full
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